Conjunctions And Their Functions In“Dwellers Of The Night ” By Anthony Barnhart
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ISSN: 2302-920X
Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud
Vol 17.3 Desember 2016: 188 - 193
Conjunctions And Their Functions In“Dwellers Of The Night ” By Anthony Barnhart
Ni Luh Putu Intan Sasmita1*, Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni2, Yana Qomariana3 123English Department Faculty Of Arts, Udayana University 1[[email protected]] 2[[email protected]] 3[[email protected]] *
Corresponding Author
Abstrak
Penelitian yang berjudul Conjunctions and Their Functions in “Dwellers of the Night” by Anthony Barnhart dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kata-kata penghubung dan menganalisa fungsi dari kata-kata penghubung dalam Bahasa Inggris yang ditemukan di novel Dwellers of the Night. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisa data adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Halliday and Hassan “Cohesion in English” (1976) dan Stern, dalam bukunya yang berjudul An Outline of English Grammar with Exercises and Aswer Key (2003) Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada empat jenis kata penghubung dalam Bahasa Inggris, yaitu additive, adversative, causal, dan temporal. Selanjutnya ada empat fungsi dari kata penghubung, yaitu kata penghubung yang menggabungkan sebuah kata dengan yang lainnya, kata penghubung yang menggabungkan sebuah frase dengan yang lainnya , kata penghubung yang menggabungkan sebuah klausa dengan yang lainnya dan kata penghubung yang menggabungkan sebuah kalimat dengan yang lainnya.
Kata kunci: kata penghubung, additive, adversative, causal, and temporal
In the globalization era English is the most common language spoken and written everywhere. English plays major role in many sectors especially in education. When people from different nationalities want to communicate, they commonly use the English language. Writing skills are an important part of communication. According to Harmer (2001:79) writing is a form of communication to deliver or to express feeling through written form. Some types of conjunctions are used in writing. Conjunctions are words that are used to join or link other words, phrases, or clauses. There are four types of conjunction; they are additive, adversative, causal, and temporal.
There are two problems that may arise in interpreting a conjunction in a novel:
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1. What types of conjunctions are found in the novel “Dwellers of the Night” by Anthony Barnhart?
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2. What are the functions of conjunction found in the novel “Dwellers of the Night” by Anthony Barnhart?
There are two aims of the study; they are:
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1. To find out the types of conjunction used in the novel “Dwellers of the Night” by Anthony Barnhart.
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2. To explain the functions of conjunction used in the novel Dwellers of the Night” by Anthony Barnhart
The data of this study were taken from a novel entitled Book One : “Dwellers of the Night by Anthony Barnhart which contains twelve chapters in 2011.The data of this study were collected through library research and using documentary method. Meanwhile, the technique of collecting data was by reading the novel and identification process. The methods that were used in analyzing the data were qualitative and descriptive methods. The data in this study were analyzed based on Halliday and Hasan theory of conjunction in their book Cohesion in English. Stern theory of function of conjunction was also used in the present study. Besides, the theory of tree diagrams proposed by Noel Burton-Roberts was also used in this novel. Finally, the conclusion as the result of this study was presented descriptively.
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1. Additive
In this type of conjunction, there are two kinds of conjunction which can be noted from the data source, they are and, and or.
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2. Adversative
In order to express this sense the writer applied five adversative items such as: but, yet, though, however, and at least.
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3. Causal
The following discussion includes the items such as: so, because, and then.
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4. Temporal
The temporal expressions found in the novel are (and) then, and
afterwards.
1. The hinges creak and grown
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5.2.2 Conjunction Joins One Phrase to Another
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1. Others are listening to IPODs or typing their laptops
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5.2.3 Conjunction Joins One Clause to Another
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1. The gutters fill with water and the downsprout roar
In the diagram above the S (Sentence) is the most common structure instead of C (Clause).
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5.2.4 Conjunction Joins One Sentence to Another
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1. The light flickers, and the teacher grumbles.
In this part, the types and function of conjunction found in the novel are
Chart 2
It can be concluded that there are four types of conjunction found in the novel, they are: additive, adversative, causal, and temporal. There are two types of additive conjunction, they are and and or. Five types of adversative conjunction, they are : but, yet, though, however, and at least. There are three types of causal conjunctions, they are : so, because, and then. The last one is temporal conjunction, two types of types of temporal conjunctions, they are: and then, and afterwards. The functions of conjunction found in novel “Dwellers of the Night” are: conjunction joins one word to another, conjunction joins one phrase to another, conjunction joins one clause to another, and conjunction joins one sentence to another. From the finding, the conjunction joining one clause to another mostly found in the text.
Barnhart, Anthony.2008. Dwellers of the Night: Book One. Washington: CreateSpace
Burton-Roberts, Noel. 2011. Analysing Sentences : An Introduction to English Syntax. Great Britain: Pearson EducationAnonimous. 1980. Reader’s Digest Magazine. Vol.36 Oct 2013 ed. Hong Kong: Reader’s Digest Association Far East LTD.
Halliday, M.A.K, & Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman Hamed, Muftah. 2014. Conjunctions in Argumentative Writing of Libyan Tertiary Students. English Language Teaching [Online]. Vol.7.No.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v7n3p108 (downloaded 15 January 2015)
Stern, George. 2003. An Outline of English Grammar with Exercises and Answer Key. Singapore. Learners Publishing Ltd.
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