The Translation of English Idioms in Novel New Moon and Their Translation Equivalents in Dua Cinta
on
ISSN: 2302-920X
Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud
Vol 18.2 Pebruari 2017: 112-119
The Translation of English Idioms in Novel New Moon and Their Translation Equivalents in Dua Cinta
I Made Adi Widyadhana1*, Ni Made Ayu Widiastuti2, I Ketut Tika3 [123]English Department Faculty Of Arts, Udayana University [adiwidyadhanaa@gmail.com]1 [nimade_ayuwidiastuti@yahoo.com]2 [ketut_tike@yahoo.com]3 *Corresponding Author
Abstrak
Idioms adalah frasa yang maknanya tidak bisa diprediksi oleh makna dari kata itu sendiri dan harus dipelajari secara keseluruhan. Idiom sering digunakan oleh jurnalis, politisi, dan bahkan masyarakat umum sebagai cara singkat untuk mengekspresikan opini atau maksud mereka. Studi ini berjudul The Translation of English Idioms in Novel New Moon and Their Translation Equivalents in Dua Cinta.
Studi ini difokuskan pada tipe idioms, penerjemahan idioms, dan penataan semantis. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menemukan tipe idiom yang sering digunakan pada novel New Moon, dan tipe semantik pada penerjemahan idiom bahasa inggris kedalam bahasa Indonesia. Studi ini termasuk studi pustaka yang berarti datanya diperoleh dengan membaca dan mencatat dari sumber data. Teknik yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah pencatatan dari sumber data yaitu novel. Data ini dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menjabarkan dan memberikan penjelasan yang tepat. Analisis studi ini dipresentasikan dalam bentuk tabel dan deskriptif.
Teori yang diaplikasikan dalam studi ini adalah teori penerjemahan idiom yang dikemukakan Larson (1988), teori idiom yang dikemukakan Palmer (1976) yang mengklasifikasikan idiom kedalam frasa kata kerja, frasa preposisi, idiom parsial, dan juga teori yang dikemukakan oleh Beekman dan Callow (1982) yang menjelaskan tipe semantik.
Tipe idiom yang sering digunakan pada studi ini adalah frasa kata kerja yang secara umum digunakan dalam berkomunikasi daripada tipe idiom lain. Terdapat sembilan kata kerja preposisi dan lima idiom parsial. Semantik yang sering digunakan adalah penerjemahan idiom dari bahasa sumber ke dalam non-idiom pada bahasa target.
Kata Kunci: Idiom, penerjemahan, penataan
Translation is an important process. The study of it has become one of the crucial studies in linguistics. Translation is a process of transferring message from the source language into target language, and the message must be understood by the readers. Language is a part of culture, and therefore the translation from one language to another cannot be done adequately without the knowledge of the two cultures as well as the knowledge of the two language structures.
Every language has its own idioms to express the meaning through lexical items such as words, phrases, sentences, etc. When we are learning a language, we must learn the idioms too because they are part of communication. Idioms are used in our daily conversation and can also be found in books, especially in literary works, such as novel. According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010), the term idiom means a phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learnt as a whole unit. People use idioms to express something that other words do not express as clearly or as cleverly. Sometimes idioms are very easy for learners to understand because there are similar expressions in the speaker’s mother tongue. However, idioms can often be very difficult to understand. Idioms help language learners understand English culture, traditions, lifestyle of English people and make a deeper insight into English History. One obvious reason that idioms are manner of communication which are natural to the native speakers of a particular language.
Larson (1988) states that literal word for word translation of those idioms into another language will not make sense. The result will usually sound unfamiliar and is not acceptable in receptor language. The learner needs to contextualize the idioms when translating them by their literal senses. Therefore, the goal of every translation in idiomatic translation is to make it acceptable and palatable in the target language. Palmer (1976) divides idiom into three types: phrasal verb, prepositional verb, and partial idiom. Each of the types is discussed in the theoretical framework. In order to convey the same value from the source language in the target language, semantic adjustment is required in which the idioms from source language can change into idiom and non-idiom in target language.
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1. What types of English idioms were found in the novel entitled “New Moon”?
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2. What kinds of semantic adjustments were used in the translation of idioms in the novel “New Moon” into its translation “Dua Cinta”?
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1 To identify the types of English idioms used in the novel “New Moon” by Stephenie Meyer
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2 To find out and explain the translation of those English idioms and the types of semantic adjustments.
The idioms were taken from an English best seller novel entitled “New Moon” by Stephenie Meyer which was published in 2006; this novel is divided into 24 chapters and 563 pages. The Indonesian version novel entitled “Dua Cinta” by Monica Dwi Chresnayani (2008) is divided into 24 chapters and 598 pages. Both of the novels were used as the data sources. The idioms were taken in every chapter randomly and stated by some characters in the novel.
Library research was used to collect the data through reading and note taking from the data source. The technique used to collect the data was note taking since the data source is novel.
The data of this research was analyzed using the qualitative method. The qualitative method was used in order to describe and give actual explanation. The English idioms that were taken from the English novel and their translations were analyzed based on the types of idioms. All of the data found in the novel were processed through some steps;
In the first step, the English idioms that were taken from the English novel and their translations were analysed based on the types of idioms proposed by Palmer (1976). He divided idioms into three types; they are phrasal verb, prepositional verb, and partial idiom.
The second step, the meanings of idioms in Indonesian were analysed descriptively in order to find the semantic adjustments used in the translated novel to present the idioms in the English novel as the theory proposed by Beekman and Callow as cited in Nida and Taber’s book (1982). They proposed three types of semantic adjustments; idioms in the source language were translated into non idiom in the receptor language, idioms in the source language were translated into idioms in the receptor language, and non-idioms were translated into idioms in the receptor language. The study is concerned with English idioms; there were two types of semantic adjustments which were made; they were from idiom into non idiom and idiom into idiom in the receptor language.
SL: In my haste to get away from Charlie, I ended up being one of the first
ones to school. (Meyer, 2006:98)
From the individual meaning get away is different from group meaning, that is why get away is called idiom. In literal meaning, get means to receive or obtain something (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010:626) meanwhile away is an adverb which cannot stand alone (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010:87). Based on theory by Palmer (1976) about types of idiom, get away is a phrasal verb because get away consists of get as verb and away as adverb. According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:627) Get away means to leave, to get free or to escape.
Data 2 (Prepositional Verb)
SL: I was going to miss him terribly when he walked out my door. (Meyer, 2006:410)
The idiom in the sentence above is walked out. Based on the theory by Palmer (1976) about the types of idiom, walked out is a prepositional verb because walked out consists of walked as verb and out as preposition, which is followed by verb in past tense (-ed). In literal meaning, walk means to move along at a slow or a moderate pace by lifting up or putting down each foot in turn, to go through a place on foot, a journey on foot, escape for a pleasure or exercise (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010:1669), the word out means away from the inside of a place, indicating a long distance away from a place (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010:1041). The idiom walked out means abandon or leave somebody (Oxford Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary ,2010:1670).
Data 3 (Partial Idioms)
SL: Even making faces, she looked like an Angel. (Meyer, 2006:392)
Based on the data above, the idiom looked like an angel is considered a partial idiom as type of idiom based on the theory proposed by Palmer (1976) since the word ‘looked like’ has usual meaning while the word Angel has a peculiar and particular meaning in this idiom. The word Angel means a messenger or servant of God; a beautiful, innocent or kind person (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010:48). In this case, the idiom can be categorized as reflected meaning because the word angel gives another sense of the word which reflects a beautiful person.
Data 4 (Idiom into Non-Idiom in Indonesian)
|
No. |
SL |
TL |
|
1. |
I wished briefly that Laurent would get on with it and crush the wolf pack– it should be so simple for him. (Meyer, 2006:244) |
Sempat terlintas dalam benakku semoga Laurent segera beraksi dan melumat gerombolan serigala itu—itu mudah saja baginya. (Chresnayani, 2008:262) |
Get on is an idiom. This idiom is derived from the words get and on, in which get is verb and on is preposition. In literal meaning, the word get means to receive or obtain something (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010:626) and on means in or into a position covering, touching or forming part of a surface (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010:1024). The translator chose the word beraksi as the equivalent of this idiom. The idiom get on was translated into non-idiom in Indonesian, the word beraksi is not an idiom in Indonesian.
Data 5 (Idiom to Idiom in Indonesian)
|
No. |
SL |
TL |
|
1. |
It will be like looking for a piece of straw in a haystack. (Meyer, 2006:532) |
Itu sama sulitnya seperti mencari jarum di tumpukan jerami. (Chresnayani, 2008:566) |
Based on the data above, this idiom looking for a piece of straw in haystack means something that is impossible or extremely difficult to find, especially because the
area you have to search is too large. In this case, the story Edward will hide Bella from the enemy and Bella will hard to find. The translation in the target language is acceptable and it has similar meaning that the author wants to deliver. The translator used the closest natural equivalent to translate the idiom into idiom, mencari jarum di tumpukan jerami is an idiom in Indonesian (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia; Edisi Keempat, 2008:580).
Based on the analysis of previous chapter, the answers to the problems of the study are as follows.
There are three types of idioms found in the previous chapter; they are ten phrasal verb idioms, nine prepositional verb idioms, and five partial idioms. The type of idiom which is mostly used in the novel New Moon are phrasal verbs, they are generally used in communication rather than the other types of idiom.
There are two types of semantic adjustments used to explain the adjustments of idioms because this study is concerned with the English idiom. There are twenty five English idioms translated into non-idioms in Indonesian and there are eight English idioms translated into idioms in Indonesian. According to the analysis in the previous chapter, the semantic adjustments mostly found in this study English idioms were translated into non-idioms in Indonesian.
Dwi Chresnayani, Monica. 2008. DuaCinta. Jakarta: PT. GramediaPustakaUtama.
Larson, Mildred L. 1988, Meaning-Based Translation. New York: University Press of America.
Meyer, Stephenie. 2006. New Moon. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
Nida, E.A. and Taber, C.R. 1974. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Netherlands: E.J.Brill, Leiden Netherland.
Palmer, F.R. 1976. Semantic: A New Outline. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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