STILISTIKA

Journal of Indonesian Language and Literature

e-ISSN daring: 2528-4940

Vol. 02, No.02: April 2023, 143-150

TEMPORAL DEICTIC EXPRESSIONS IN THE SONG LYRICS OF PALE WAVES’ MY MIND MAKES NOISES ALBUM

Ida Ayu Rai Nayma Mahadewi 1*, Luh Sutjiati Beratha 2, dan Sang Ayu Isnu Maharani 3 Universitas Udayana,

*) surel korespondensi: nayhadde@gmail.com doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/STIL.2023.v02.i02.p14 Artikel dikirim: 22 April 2022; diterima: 22 Mei 2022

TEMPORAL DEICTIC EXPRESSIONS IN THE SONG LYRICS OF PALE WAVES’ MY MIND MAKES NOISES ALBUM

Abstract. Temporal Deictic Expressions in the Song Lyrics of Pale Waves’ My Mind Makes NoisesAlbum is the title of this article. This article focused on temporal deictic expressions in My Mind Makes Noises song lyrics that have official music videos. This article had two aims: first, to identify the temporal deictic expressions in the album's song lyrics; and second, to explain and analyze the deictic usages of the album's temporal deictic expressions. This article used a qualitative method and content analysis technique to analyze the data, with Huang's pragmatics theory as the grand theory and Halliday's context of situation theory as the supporting theory. The data for this article was gathered through the use of documentation and note-taking method and technique. This article used an informal method and descriptive technique to present the analysis, which means the results were presented in the form of descriptive words and sentences. There were six temporal deictic expressions analyzed in this article, which were then categorized into three categories based on the time of the event using pragmatics method, the context of the situation, and then the deictic usage of each temporal deictic expression. This article demonstrated that gestural deictic usage offers a clearer identification of the time of the event in temporal deictic expression, as well as an easier understanding of the context of situation.

Keywords: contect of situation; deictic usages, song lyrics, temporal deixis

INTRODUCTION

According to Davis (1953), the act of sharing information from a speaker to a listener in order to create mutual comprehension is known as communication. It is fundamental for the listener to comprehend what the speaker mean when communicating.

Pragmatics is the study of comprehending what the speaker mean by identifying the context of the utterance (Yule, 2017). It is possible for the listener to derive additional meanings from what the speaker intended to communicate, however, this is reliant on the listener's ability to comprehend the use of language. As mentioned by Huang (2014), language in use is a spoken or written utterance that is used to successfully communicate among each individual in social situations. To

avoid misunderstandings between the speaker and the listener, it is important to use language correctly, and the listener must attempt to avoid misinterpretation by comprehending the context of situation.

Halliday (2004) states that Context of situation is the aspects of context that are relevant to the language used to transmit utterances. It is impossible to fully comprehend what the speaker has said or written without monitoring the words before and after the temporal deictic expression. Therefore, the focus of this article is on the context of situation in deixis, particularly in temporal deictic expressions.

Deixis is a linguistic concept that refers to the people involved in an utterance, along with the place and the time of the event (Yang, 2011). What the speaker mean in an utterance will be well understood if the listener is aware of who, where, and when the utterance is uttered. This makes deixis an ideal approach for implementing the aims of this article, which are about temporal deictic expression.

Temporal deixis in English song lyrics is an intriguing topic due to the fact that time is an aspect in English grammar that affects tenses. It can be found in practically every spoken and written English utterance, including in entertainment industries such as films, newspapers, novels, and songs.

According to Piragasam, et.al. (2013), Song is a type of art in which the words are sung with melodies and instrumentals. Song is more than just an art form, it also provides entertainments and inspirations for the listeners. As a result, the datum for this article are song lyrics from an album.

The data for this study is song lyrics from Pale Waves' album My Mind Makes Noises which has official music videos. This album received a five-star rating from Dork Magazine and a four-star rating from NME, a British website (New Musical Express). This album has also earned over 80 million plays on Spotify, an online music streaming site, and that number is expected to rise as time goes on. Only six of the album's fourteen songs have official music videos, only song lyrics with official music videos were used as data for this study, as official music videos are indeed the key in solving the second problem of the study, which needs monitoring of the speaker's physical demonstration.

The data for this article was collected by using the observation method and note-taking technique, then qualitative method and content analysis technique were used to analyze the data, and lastly the data analysis was presented by using the informal method and descriptive technique, which means the analysis was described in the form of words.

The focus of this article is on the analysis of temporal deictic expressions in My Mind Makes Noises album’s song lyrics. Analyzing song lyrics is interesting because listening to music is a common entertaining activity in humans’ lives. Additionally, the song lyrics from this album contain numerous temporal deictic expressions. In reality, some listeners of this album, specifically those who are inexperienced with hearing British accents, may have difficulty identifying and interpreting the temporal deictic expressions in this English album. As an outcome, it's both interesting and useful to analyze temporal deictic expressions and deictic usages in this album’s song lyrics.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This article identifies the first temporal deictic expression in each of the song lyrics from My Mind Makes Noises album that have official music videos, then divides them into three categories based on the time of the event, using pragmatics theory by Huang (2014) as the grand theory and context of situation theory by Halliday (2004) as the supporting theory. This article additionally examines the deictic usage of each temporal deictic expression by using Huang's (2014) deictic usages categories.

  • [1]    Felt like I could finally see in colour

The expression "Finally" comes from the song Eighteen which is the first temporal deictic expression in the song Eighteen To precisely determine the time of the event of the temporal deictic expression "Finally" based on Huang's theory, it is necessary to first determine the context of situation using Halliday's theory, which includes field, tenor, and mode. To determine the field, it is needed to monitor the words before and after the temporal deictic expression "Finally," which is a moment when the speaker feels that a person has altered her perspective of how to see the world. To discover the tenor, it is needed to look at the people engaged in this utterance, the speaker of this utterance is Heather Baron-Gracie, the band's lead singer, and the listener of this utterance is anyone who listens to the song Eighteen as a result, the speaker and the listener are not personally acquainted, implying that they have no personal relationship. To reveal the mode, it is needed to listen to the song Eighteen which indicates that this is a spoken utterance. Furthermore, the utterance “Felt like I could finally see in colour” contains one dominant past tense verb, which is "Felt." As a result of the context of situation and the verb form of this utterance, the temporal deictic expression "Finally" can be inferred to the past time of the event.

The temporal deictic expression “Finally” has no speaker’s physical demonstration such as hand gesture, eye contact, and body language when uttered by

the speaker. Therefore, the first temporal deictic expression in the song Eighteen which is “Finally,” has a symbolic deictic usage.

  • [2]    I wanna feel something different for once

The expression “For once” comes from the song There’s a Honey which is the first temporal deictic expression in the song There’s a Honey To precisely determine the time of the event of the temporal deictic expression “For once” based on Huang's theory, it is necessary to first determine the context of situation using Halliday's theory, which includes field, tenor, and mode. To determine the field, it is needed to monitor the words before and after the temporal deictic expression "For once," which is a moment when the speaker wishes to experience something that she hasn't experienced in her life. To discover the tenor, it is needed to look at the people engaged in this utterance, the speaker of this utterance is Heather Baron-Gracie, the band's lead singer, and the listener of this utterance is anyone who listens to the song "There’s a Honey," as a result, the speaker and the listener are not personally acquainted, implying that they have no personal relationship. To reveal the mode, it is needed to listen to the song There’s a Honey which indicates that this is a spoken utterance. Furthermore, the utterance “I wanna feel something different for once” contains two dominant present tense verbs, which are "Feel," and “Wanna” which is a shortened informal word from “Want to.” As a result of the context of situation and the verb forms of this utterance, the temporal deictic expression "For once" can be inferred to the present time of the event.

The temporal deictic expression “For once” has no speaker’s physical demonstration such as hand gesture, eye contact, and body language when uttered by the speaker. Therefore, the first temporal deictic expression in the song “There’s a Honey,” which is “For once,” has a symbolic deictic usage.

  • [3]    Why do I stare so much at my body?

I’m falling, I’m crawling on the floor at night

The expression “At night” comes from the song Noises which is the first temporal deictic expression in the song Noises. To precisely determine the time of the event of the temporal deictic expression “At night” based on Huang's theory, it is necessary to first determine the context of situation using Halliday's theory, which includes field, tenor, and mode. To determine the field, it is needed to monitor the words before and after the temporal deictic expression "At night," which is a moment when the speaker is self-conscious about her appearance. To discover the tenor, it is needed to look at the people engaged in this utterance, the speaker of this utterance is Heather Baron-Gracie, the band's lead singer, and the listener of this utterance is

anyone who listens to the song Noises as a result, the speaker and the listener are not personally acquainted, implying that they have no personal relationship. To reveal the mode, it is needed to listen to the song Noises which indicates that this is a spoken utterance. Furthermore, the utterance “Why do I stare so much at my body? I’m falling, I’m crawling on the floor at night” contains three dominant present tense verbs, which are "Stare," “Falling,” and “Crawling.” As a result of the context of situation and the verb forms of this utterance, the temporal deictic expression "At night" can be inferred to the present time of the event.

The temporal deictic expression "At night" has the speaker’s body language physical demonstration when uttered by the speaker. It is noticeable that she tosses her body with little energy, as if she's sorrowful and weary, while uttering the temporal deictic expression "At night." Therefore, the first temporal deictic expression in the song Noises which is “At night,” has a gestural deictic usage.

  • [4]    I never thought that we would end like this

The expression “Never” comes from the song One More Time which is the first temporal deictic expression in the song One More Time. To precisely determine the time of the event of the temporal deictic expression “Never” based on Huang's theory, it is necessary to first determine the context of situation using Halliday's theory, which includes field, tenor, and mode. To determine the field, it is needed to monitor the words before and after the temporal deictic expression “Never,” which is a moment when the speaker doubts the probability of the absence of her former partner. To discover the tenor, it is needed to look at the people engaged in this utterance, the speaker of this utterance is Heather Baron-Gracie, the band's lead singer, and the listener of this utterance is anyone who listens to the song One More Time as a result, the speaker and the listener are not personally acquainted, implying that they have no personal relationship. To reveal the mode, it is needed to listen to the song One More Time which indicates that this is a spoken utterance. Furthermore, the utterance “I never thought we would end like this” contains two dominant past tense verbs, which are "Thought" and “Would.” As a result of the context of situation and the verb forms of this utterance, the temporal deictic expression "Never" can be inferred to the past time of the event.

The temporal deictic expression “Never” has no speaker’s physical demonstration such as hand gesture, eye contact, and body language when uttered by the speaker. Therefore, the first temporal deictic expression in the song One More Time which is “Never,” has a symbolic deictic usage.

  • [5]    But in the morning, it might just change

The expression “In the morning” comes from the song Television Romance which is the first temporal deictic expression in the song Television Romance. To precisely determine the time of the event of the temporal deictic expression “In the morning” based on Huang's theory, it is necessary to first determine the context of situation using Halliday's theory, which includes field, tenor, and mode. To determine the field, it is needed to monitor the words before and after the temporal deictic expression “In the morning,” which is a moment when there is a probability that the speaker may reconsider her decision. To discover the tenor, it is needed to look at the people engaged in this utterance, the speaker of this utterance is Heather Baron-Gracie, the band's lead singer, and the listener of this utterance is anyone who listens to the song Television Romance as a result, the speaker and the listener are not personally acquainted, implying that they have no personal relationship. To reveal the mode, it is needed to listen to the song Television Romance which indicates that this is a spoken utterance. Furthermore, the utterance “But in the morning, it might just change” contains one dominant future tense verb, which is "Might.” As a result of the context of situation and the verb form of this utterance, the temporal deictic expression “In the morning” can be inferred to the future time of the event.

The temporal deictic expression “In the morning” has no speaker’s physical demonstration such as hand gesture, eye contact, and body language when uttered by the speaker. Therefore, the first temporal deictic expression in the song “Television Romance,” which is “In the morning,” has a symbolic deictic usage.

  • [6]    Well you’re the fashion right now, the fashion right

The expression “Right now” comes from the song Kiss which is the first temporal deictic expression in the song Kiss To precisely determine the time of the event of the temporal deictic expression “Right now” based on Huang's theory, it is necessary to first determine the context of situation using Halliday's theory, which includes field, tenor, and mode. To determine the field, it is needed to monitor the words before and after the temporal deictic expression “Right now,” which is a moment when the speaker's attention is drawn to the person that she likes. To discover the tenor, it is needed to look at the people engaged in this utterance, the speaker of this utterance is Heather Baron-Gracie, the band's lead singer, and the listener of this utterance is anyone who listens to the song Kiss as a result, the speaker and the listener are not personally acquainted, implying that they have no personal relationship. To reveal the mode, it is needed to listen to the song Kiss which indicates that this is a spoken utterance. As a result of the context of situation in the utterance “Well you’re

the fashion right now, the fashion right,” the temporal deictic expression “Right now” can be inferred to the present time of the event.

The temporal deictic expression “Right now” has no speaker’s physical demonstration such as hand gesture, eye contact, and body language when uttered by the speaker. Therefore, the first temporal deictic expression in the song Kiss which is “Right now,” has a symbolic deictic usage.

CONCLUSIONS

This article discovered six temporal deictic expressions in the first temporal deictic expression of each song from My Mind Makes Noises album which has an official music video. The first temporal deictic expression in the song Eighteen is “Finally,” the first temporal deictic expression in the song There’s a Honey is “For once,” the first temporal deictic expression in the song Noises is “At night,” the first temporal deictic expression in the song One More Time is “Never,” the first temporal deictic expression in the song Television Romance is “In the morning,” and the first temporal deictic expression in the song Kiss is “Right now.” This means all of the songs in My Mind Makes Noises album have at least one temporal deictic expression.

This article also analyzed the deictic usage of the first temporal deictic expression in each song of My Mind Makes Noises album. There is only one temporal deictic expression that has gestural deictic usage, which is “At night.” As for the symbolic deictic usage, there are five temporal deictic expressions that have symbolic deictic usages, which are: “Finally,” “For once,” “Never,” “In the morning,” and “Right now.”

REFERENCES

Davis, K. 1953. Management Communication and the Grapevine. Boston: Harvard Business Review.

Doran, C., & Baron-Gracie, H. 2018. My Mind Makes Noises Album Song Lyrics [Internet].      Dirty      Hit,      England.      Available      from:

https://genius.com/album/Pale-waves/My-mind-makes-noises [Accessed 23 February 2022].

Halliday, M.A.K. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.

Huang, Y. 2014. Pragmatics. Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Piragasam, G.A., Majid, R.A., & Jelas, Z.M. 2013. Music Appreciation and Selfactualization of Gifted Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. No.90, October, pp124-132.

Waves, P. 2018. My Mind Makes Noises Album Official Video [Internet]. Dirty Hit, England. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/c/PaleWaves/featured [Accessed 23 February 2022].

Yang, Y. 2011. A Cognitive Interpretation of Discourse Deixis. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. No.2, February, pp128-135.

Yule, G. 2017. The Study of Language. Sixth Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

AUTHOR PROFILE

Ida Ayu Rai Nayma Mahadewi is one of the students of English Department in Udayana University from 2018 batch.

Prof. Dr. Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, M.A. is a semantics professor in English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University who graduated from several universities in Australia. She completed her master degree at the Department of Linguistics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia in 1989, and her Ph.D degree was achieved from the Australian National University (ANU) Canberra, Australia in 1992. She was the Dean of the Faculty of Humanities in Udayana University from 2015 until 2019.

Sang Ayu Isnu Maharani, S.S. M.A. is one of the lecturers in English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University. She finished years of academic degrees from undergraduate until post graduate at the same institution where she works at. Her interests are in sociolinguistic and translation study. She has translated 3 books, one of them is titled The Branding of Gianyar as the Heritage City.

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