Deixis Used in Shang Chi and The Legend of The Ten Rings Movie Script
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STILISTIKA
Journal of Indonesian Language and Literature
ISSN: 2528-4940
Vol. 02, No.02: April 2023, pp-37-43
DEIXIS USED IN SHANG CHI AND THE LEGEND OF THE TEN RINGS MOVIE SCRIPT
Ni Kadek Dinda Pratiwi1*, Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha2, dan Ni Wayan Sukarini 3 Universitas Udayana
*) surel korespondensi: dindapratiwii07@gmail.com doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/STIL.2023.v02.i02.p04 Artikel dikirim: 22 April 2022; diterima: 22 Mei 2022
DEIXIS USED IN SHANG CHI AND THE LEGEND OF THE TEN RINGS MOVIE SCRIPT
Abstract. This study is aimed to find out the types of deixis and analysis the function of deixis. Data were taken from Shang Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings Movie Script. The theory that was applied in this study was proposed by Levinson. Documentation method and note-taking technique used in collecting the data. The collected data was analysed by using a descriptive qualitative method. Meanwhile, in presenting the data analysis, this study used an informal method. The result shows that all the types of deixis and its function based on the theory by Levinson are found in the data source.
Keywords: deixis, types, function, movie script
INTRODUCTION
Language is the most important aspect of the life of all beings, as it can be used to communicate with each other. Communicating with other people enables them to easily transfer and also receive information. Language is very important in the life of this world. Here, context is important for the listener to understand what the speaker means. Without context, it is difficult to clearly understand the meaning of the speaker. If the hearer knows the context, the language can be understood clearly about what the meaning is. In this case, the study of contextual meaning is called pragmatics.
According to Wolfram Bublitz (2011:4) pragmatics describes the connection between the structure and application components of language and relates them at the same time. In other words, pragmatic studies are concerned with describing a speaker's utterances instead of the definition of words or sentences. According to Levinson (1983:3), Pragmatics is the study of the grammatical or structurally encoded relationship between language and context. Pragmatics includes several subfields and one of them is deixis. Deixis is personally focused on the interaction between language structures and the context in which they are use. Yule (2017:367) states, Deixis is a Greek technical term that describes one of the most basic aspects we do with utterance. It comprises pointing using language.
Deixis can be found in everyday life, it can be from film/movie, newspaper, song lyrics, magazines, or even from the internet. Movie script related to the usage of deixis in it. Movie is an audio-visual communication medium used to present a message to a group of people who have arranged in a certain place. This is because the dialogue, the gestures of the actors, and the gist of the message in the film appear more clearly to the eye of the viewer.
Levinson (1983) says that deixis is pointing through language, using deictic expressions. He divides deixis into five parts: personal deixis, place deixis, time deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. First, personal deixis is a form used to designate people (I, you). Second, place deixis is the form used to indicate location (here, 3 there). Third, time deixis is the form used to designate a location in time (now, then), social deixis is a deixis expression used to distinguish social status and discourse deixis.
Deixis can help people to interpret the meaning of a certain sentence based on its context. There are many words which indicate kinds of deixis and any form of linguistics that having a function to pointing is called deictic expression. We can also see how the usage of deixis in a particular field as what is portrayed in the movie script and this study will help the reader to understand deixis better.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This part presents results and discussions of the data from SHANG CHI AND THE LEGEND OF THE TEN RINGS movie Script which has been analyzed using theory proposed by Levinson.
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1. Person Deixis
First person singular
Data 1
Shaun: “After my mom died… My dad started my training. From sunup to sundown, I was taught every possible way to kill a man. By the time I was 14, I could barely remember what life was like before she died. That’s how old I was when he sent me on my very first assignment. I was willing to do anything he wanted. If he asked me to burn the world down, I would’ve asked him”
According to Levinson, it is categorized as person deixis because it is directly involved in the discourse marked by the first-person pronoun ‘I’. The word ‘I’ and ‘my’ in the data above can be categorized as anaphoric deictic because the information
about the entity have been mentioned earlier.it can be identified by looking at the previous discourse below:
“Fine. You can explain on the plane. What? No, Katty, you just can… You can explain on the plane, Shaun”
According to Levinson, ‘My’ is identified as a deictic expression that belongs to first person deixis because it concerns the grammatical person involved in this sentence I and the word “I” is a subject in a sentence as the one who did an action.
First Person Plural
Data 2
Shaun: “Look, it happens to these things, we’re gonna be jobless and in debt for the rest of our lives”
The sentence above explained about Shaun who told Katty that she had to be careful driving this luxury car because the car was not theirs. There is a possessive determiner of ‘our’ the sentence. It is the possessive form of pronoun we. The information about the deictic expression ‘our’ will be described by the following discourse:
Katty: “I’m Driving”
Shaun: “No, you’re not.Katty. Hey, hey, hey, get back here. Give me the key. Please open the door”
The sentence above is said by Shaun when he was talking to Katty. The word ‘our’ is a possessive adjective, and the function is to show possession of something that in this case belongs to Shaun and Katty.
Second Person
Data 3
Katty: “Shaun. Hey. You need to tell me what the hell’s going on. What are you doing? Where are you going?”
According to Levinson, the word “you” in the sentence is a subject pronoun that belongs to the second person pronoun. This deictic expression also called as anaphora because the information about entity has been mentioned in the previous text. The function of the word you in the sentence above is the word that referred to the addressee as the listener it received the messages.
Third Person
Third Person Singular
Data 4
Shaun: “By the time I was 14, I could barely remember what life was like before she died. That's how old I was when he sent me on my first assignment”
The word ‘he’ refers to someone not identified as the speaker or the addressee and it was mentioned anaphorically in previous discourse:
Shaun: “After my mom died. My dad started my training. From sunup to sundown, I was taught every possible way to kill a man”
Based on the discourse above, Shaun was talking about how his father changed after his mother died. It can be seen that the word ‘he’ directly refers to Shaun’s father
Third Person Plural
Data 5
Shaun: “They took my pendant. They’re gonna come for yours next”
The word ‘they’ is the plural third pronoun deixis. The information about ‘they’ is mentioned in the following statement above:
Shaun: “My sister sent me this a few months ago. I think it’s the address of where she’s staying. Those guys back there were sent by my dad”
Based on the following statement above, Shaun was trying to tell her that the word ‘they’ mentioned above refers to the guys who were sent by his dad. The word ‘they’ was a deictic expression because it pointed to people that did not exist in the speech event. The function of the word they is used to refer to the subject of a clause.
Shaun: “I’m not here to fight anybody. Okay? I’m looking for my sister, Xu Xialing”
A locative adverb of here is found in the sentence refers to a certain place near the speaker. This shows that t is a deictic expression because it relates to the specification of location in space about the speaker at that moment. Therefore, this deictic expression can be identified as anaphoric deixis.
“Welcome to the Golden Daggers Club. Okay, let’s get you ready to fight.”
By looking at the previous text, it can be identified that the word here refers to a specific place which is Golden Daggers Club where is the place he is coming to now.
The word here functions as a locative adverb which shows where the utterance takes place when it is uttered.
Ying Nan: “Tonight, we honor those who gave their lives so we might see another day. They were more than warriors. They were our mother’s and father’s, our sisters and brothers. and though we will always hold on to their memories. Tonight we release them to rest with our ancestors.”
There are deictic expressions “tonight” found in the sentence. According to Levinson, the deictic expression tonight belongs to temporal deixis. She said that tonight is the day when there has been a war between our family and our ancestors. The word tonight has functioned as temporal deixis which concerns the various times involved in and referred to in an utterance.
Katty: “Hello Sir. Welcome to the Fairmont”
This utterance was actually spoken by Katty. It was categorized as social deixis because it is a kind of expression used to categorize some people based on their social situations. The honorific title ‘sir’ in the sentence belongs to an absolute social deixis. In this case, it refers to a man. Based on the sentences above, the function of social deixis used to show the position of the partcipants on the level social status. It was categorized as Speech level which this term is used to refer plain, polite, and humble speech in most of languages used by East Asian.
Mrs. Chen: “Shaun, did my daughter apply to any new jobs this week?”
The sentence above was spoken by Mrs. Chen who is asking Shaun about his daughter. The word “this” categorized as discourse deixis is a type of deixis that deals with certain parts in the linguistic form that refer to a particular discourse. The function of the word ‘this’ refers to an upcoming portion of the discourse, it is “week”.
CONCLUSION
From the analysis of the data it can be concluded that in the SHANG CHI AND THE LEGEND OF THE TEN RINGS Movie Script There are 9 data contains five types of deixis using Levinson Theory such as person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, social deixis and discourse deixis.
From the types of deixis, they have their own function usch as person deixis used to indicate the pronoun such as pronoun I, you, she, or he. Time deixis indicates both times coinciding with the speaker’s utterance and the time the speaker’s voice is heard. Place deixis is used to refers a location relative to the location of a participant in the speech event, typically the speaker, the function of social deixis is related to the social environment between speakers and speech partners or writers with readers. It is influenced by differences in society, such as a person’s social status, class, and social group. And last discourse deixis is used to a portion of a discourse relative to the speaker's current “location” in the discourse.
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AUTHOR PROFILE
Ni Kadek Dinda Pratiwi is a student of the English Literature Program at Udayana University batch 2018. In 2018, she participated in a committee organized by faculties and study programs.
Prof. Dr. Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, M.A. is a professor in Semantics at the English Department Faculty of Arts Udayana University was graduated from Australian universities. She was completed her master program at the Department of Linguistics, Monash University Melbourne Australia in 1989, and Ph.D degree was gained from the Australian National University (ANU) Canberra Australia in 1992. She was the Dean of the Faculty of Arts Udayana University from 2015 until 2019.
Dr. Ni Wayan Sukarini, M.Hum. is a lecturer at English Department, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University. She finishes the years of study from undergraduate until post graduate at the same institution where she works. she studies linguistics and her majors are semantics and semiotics. Some researches have been done individually and in team.
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