LEXICAL COHESION IN SONG LYRIC PERRY’S FIREWORK
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LEXICAL COHESION IN SONG
LYRIC PERRY’S FIREWORK
BY
AGA SEBASTIAN
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
NON-REGULAR PROGRAM, FACULTY OF LETTERS
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
2013
Abstrak
Penelitian ini berjudul “Bahasa kiasan dalam lyric lagu firework perry”. Topik terpilih karena bahasa kiasan yg digunakan dalam banyak cerita dan bnayak lagu dan kemudian terpilih lagu karena lagu yg berisi dengan banyak bahasa kiasan. Data penelitian ini diambil dari download di internet. Dan kemudian membaca serta menelaah lirik lagu yang dipilihdengan focus mengidentisifikasilagu tersebut. Setelah itu mengklasifikasikan bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan dalam lirik. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Knickerbocker untuk menemukan jenis bahasa kiasan tersebut, apakah itu ironi, hiperbola atau personifikasi dan setelah itu, dan yang terakhir, mencoba menafsirkan maksud dari penulis didasarkan pada teori Leech.
Kata kunci : lirik lagu, katy perry, figurative
Figurative language is sometimes called methaporical language or simply methapor because Greek ancestor “metaphoric” means to carry meaning beyond its literal meaning (Knickerbocker, 1963 : 637). In classical theories of language, metaphor is seen as a matter of language not thought. Metaphors is linked only to literature in the past. Metaphorical expressions were assumed to be mutually exclusive with the realm of ordinary everyday language: everyday language has no metaphor (Lakoff, 1993 : 202). Figurative language is dependent on the situation of communication and context in which a word is used and this seems to be characteristic of language in general. Many such comparisons, of figures speech, in which something is pictured or imaged in terms of something else is already familiar to us, and this is
really so familiar that it is taken for granted in daily life. In this paper language operates in a context in a situation and is called a text.
And in this case, Perry’s song “Firework” received positive reviews from music critics, with some noticing its catchy melody and danceable beat and comparing it to songs by English band Coldplay. The song was commercially successful, reaching the top spot on Billboard Hot 100 and the top five on 20 charts around the world. This lyrics are very popular, as it used a lot of more beautiful words and deep meaning in it than the song by Ronan Keating (When You Say Nothing at All) that just has deep meaning but its lyrics do not have figurative language. By learning more about figurative language in song lyrics, hopefully we will understand what the song’s writer actually wanted to convey in that songs.
Based on the background state above, the problem of the study was “What kinds of lexical cohesion found in the song lyrics ?
Based on the background and problems stated above, the aim of te study was “To identify the lexical cohesion in the song lyrics
The methodology is intended to give an idea of how to carry out a research. Surdayanto (1993:10) claims that “methodology is the way of having to do something; technique is the way of carrying out the methodology. In this section there are three points covered, firstly data source, method and technique of collecting data, and also method and technique of analyzing data.
The data used in this study all were directly taken from the primary sources, in this case Perry’s song which contain a lot of figurative language.
The methods applied in collecting the data was the observation method. the data (lyrics) were collected from internet with the web address www.google.com downloaded the data and save in computer. the subsequent approaches, of course, to read as well as to observe the lyrics of the chosen songs attentively with the major focus on identifying the figure speech expressions inside that song, classifying the lyrics or the words found in the song to classification the figurative language in the song lyrics themselves, so were found how many figurative languages were used.
The data were analyzed qualitatively. The lyrics were read carefully to find figurative language in the lyrics. try to classify the figurative language found, whether it is irony, hyperbola, or a personification, etc. find lexical cohesion in that lyric and were classified the word whether they include repetition, synonymy, collocation, etc. try to interpret the intent of the writer of the song eas interpreted based on the theory of Leech (1974: 923).
Before do analysis, the text of this will be presented as follows :
“Firework”
Do you ever feel like a plastic bag
Drifting through the wind
Wanting to start again
Do you ever feel, feel so paper thin
Like a house of cards
One blow from caving in
Do you ever feel already buried deep
Six feet under scream
But no one seems to hear a thing
Do you know that there’s still a chance for you
Cause there’s a spark in you
(*)You just gotta ignite the light and let it shine
Just own the night
Like the forth of July
Cause baby you’re firework
Come on show’em what your worth
Make’em go “oh, oh, oh!”
As you shoot across the sky
Baby you’re a firework
Come on let your colors burst
Make’em go “oh,oh,oh!”
You’re gonna leave ‘em falling down
You don’t have to feel like a waste of space
You’re original, cannot be replaced
If you only knew what the future holds
After a hurricane comes a rainbow
Maybe you’re reason why all the door are closed
So you can open one that leads you to the perfect road
Like a lighting bolt, your heart will blow
And when it’s time, you will know
Back to (*)
Boom, boom, boom
Even brighter that the moon, moon, moon
It’s always been inside of you, you, you
And now it’s time to let it through
Cause baby you’re firework
Come on show ‘em what your worth
Make ‘em go “oh,oh,oh!”
As you shoot across the sky
Baby you’re a firework
Come on let your colors burst
Make ‘em go “oh, oh, oh!”
You’re gonna leave ‘em goin “oh, oh,oh”!
Boom, boom, boom
Even brighter that the moon, moon, moon
Boom, boom, boom
Even brighter that the moon, moon, moon
By reading the text presented above, not all kinds of lexical cohesion were found in it. Therefore, only the occurring types of lexical cohesion were analyzed here.
Reiteration
As already explained previously reiteration is a form of lexical cohesion which has such subcategories as repetition, synonym, superordinate and the use of general word to refer back to a lexical item in preceding text.
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a. Repetition
Repetition is one kind of reiteration that shows the same lexical item that is repeated in the text, and commonly functions as reference. In the text analyzed here, repetition occurs with the highest frequency. There are many words repeated and this automatically gives cohesive effects to the text that carries them.
The repetition in this text is repeated in different frequency and in different parts of the text. The complete lists of repetition can be seen as below :
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1. Feel (L-1)
Feel (L-4 ; L-6)
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b. Synonym
Synonim is a kind of reiteration which deals with the sameness of meaning of words in the text, and near synonym when the occurrence of two lexical items in the text have nearly the same meaning. Synonym also found in the text analyzed.
The following shows the synonym that are found in the text :
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1. Shine (L-16)
Brighter (L-33)
Those both words refer to the same idea and similar referent, that of those words belong to the same class, that is, a adjective in the text “and let it shine” and in “even brighter than the moon”. The word “shine” (L-16) refers to the word “brighter” (L-33) that shows the relation of synonym.
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c. Superordinate
Superordinate is a kind of reiteration that explains a word in its general class. According to the text that already presented, it was also found kinds of superordinate as presented below d. General Word
General word which is commonly used with cohesive force, explain about a class of noun which refers to human beings, animate or inanimate in a wide of reference.
The example below shows the kind of general word found in the text that already presented above :
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1. Buried deep (L-7)
Six feet under (L-8)
In the example above, the phrase “buried deep” in number 1 is considered general word. The phrase “buried deep” in the text above refers to “six feet under”. It means that the phrase refers to the lexical item forward. Here “buried deep” refers to “six feet under” that occurs in the next sentence. In the phrase “buried deep”, the word “deep” it means that is buried under six feet.
From the previous analyses, it can be concluded that there are some lexical cohesion found in Perry’s song: reiteration and collocation. Kinds of reiteration found in the song are repetition, synonym, superordinate and general word.
From kinds of figures of speech used in the song, there are four kinds of figures of speech found in the Perry’ s song “Firework” they are : simile, for example : do you ever feel like a plastic bag; hyperbole, for example : like a lightning bolt, your heart will blow; metaphor, for example : you don’t have to feel like a waste of space; and paradox, for example : cause there’s a spark in you.
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