DEVERBAL ADJECTIVES IN ENGLISH WITH REFERENCE TO THE READER’S DIGEST MAGAZINE
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ISSN: 2302-920X
Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud
Vol 16.2 Agustus 2016: 223-227
DEVERBAL ADJECTIVES IN ENGLISH WITH REFERENCE TO THE READER’S DIGEST MAGAZINE
Nyoman Jaya Mahaswari1*, Ketut Artawa2, Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati3 [123]English Department Faculty Of Arts, Udayana University 1[[email protected]] 2[[email protected]] 3[[email protected]] *
Corresponding Author
Abstrak
Penelitian yang berjudul Deverbal Adjectives in English with Reference to the Reader’s Digest Magazine dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk dan menganalisa fungsi dari kata sifat deverbal dalam bahasa Inggris yang ditemukan di majalah Reader’s Digest. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisa data adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Bauer (1983) dalam bukunya yang berjudul English WordFormation dan Huddleston dan Pullum (2005) dalam bukunya yang berjudul A Student’s Introduction to English Grammar. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada dua bentuk dari kata sifat deverbal, yaitu bentuk dengan akhiran –ing dan – ed. Kemudian, arti dari kata sifat deverbal dapat berubah menjadi bentuk negative dengan menambahkan awalan –un. Selanjutnya, fungsi dari kata sifat deverbal bisa dalam bentuk frasa ataupun klausa. Fungsi dari kata sifat deverbal pada level frasa adalah sebagai subjek dan objek. Sedangkan, fungsi dari kata sifat deverbal pada level klausa adalah sebagai predikat.
Kata kunci: kata sifat deverbal, bentuk dan fungsi
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a) What forms of deverbal adjectives are there in the sentences found in the printed English magazineReader’s Digest?
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b) What are the functions of the deverbal adjectives in the sentences found in the printed English magazine Reader’s Digest?
The aims of this study are as follows:
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a) To identify the forms of deverbal adjectives, especially the participle –ing and –ed in the sentences found in the printed English magazine Reader’s Digest.
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b) To analyze the functions of the deverbal adjectives, especially the participle -ing and –ed in the sentences found in the printed English magazine Reader’s Digest.
The data were taken from the printed English magazine Reader’s Digest 1980 October edition. The magazine consists of 30 articles with 144 pages and contains deverbal adjectives.
The method used in this study was the documentation method, because the data were in the written text, that is, a magazine. The data were collected using the theories that are relevant to the topic discussion; the magazine containing 30 articles were read intensively; the data were noted down to make the data easily analyzed.
The collected data were analyzed using the qualitative method. The theory proposed by Bauer (1983) in his book English Word-Formation was used to identify the forms of the deverbal adjectives. The Huddleston’s and Pullum’s theory (2005) in their book entitled A Student’s Introduction to English Grammar was used to analyze the functions of the deverbal adjectives.
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5. Result and Discussion
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5.1 Forms of Deverbal Adjectives
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5.1.1 Derivational Process of Deverbal adjectives
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1 They are starving (1980: 2)
The base form of the word starving is starve. The verb starve appears in a mute (unpronounced) –e. Starve means suffering or death that is caused by a lack of food. It is a free morpheme which can form a new word or can be turned into deverbal adjectives by adding the participle –ing. However, the word starveing does not have any meaning. If the word ends in a mute (unpronounced) –e, then this –e has to be dropped. For instance, starv + -ing = starving. Starving is a deverbal adjective which is used in a dramatic way to say that someone is very hungry.
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2. The streets are unpaved (1980: 45)
The word unpaved is formed through some processes. The first process is the derivational process which changes the verb pave into the adjective paved. The verb pave appears in a mute (unpronounced) –e. It is a verb used to cover the ground with a firm surface. According to Quirk et al.(1985: 461), if the word ends in a mute (unpronounced) –e, this e will be dropped. Meanwhile, in the second processes, the adjective paved used to describe something that covered with a firm surface. It, however, can form a new word like unpaved by adding the prefix un-. It changes the meaning into the negative form unpaved.
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1. A terrified mother handed me her baby (1980:4)
A terrified mother is a noun phrase which consists of the determiner a, pre- modifier adjective terrified and head of the noun phrase mother. This noun phrase is functioned as the subject of the sentence.
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2. The story poses an interesting question (1980:71)
An interesting question is a noun phrase that is structured out of three syntactic categories: the determiner an, the pre-modifier adjective interesting and the head of the noun question. It follows the rules that a noun phrase consists of a pre-modifier and a head noun. It is functioned as the object of the sentence.
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1. The story poses an interesting question (1980:71)
The story poses an interesting question is a clause. The story is a ‘noun phrase’ that consists of the determiner the and the head of the noun story. Similarly, poses is classified as a verb phrase and itcan be taken as the head element.An interesting question is a noun phrase that consists of the determiner an, the modifier adjective interesting and the head of the noun question.
In terms of syntactic functions, the story functions as ‘the subject’ of the clause, poses an interesting question is ‘predicate’; within the VP that forms the predicate, an interesting question is ‘an object’ and poses is ‘predicator’. Huddleston and Pullum (2005: 63) stated that the two major elements in the clause are called subject and predicate. Meanwhile, predicator is used for the head of the VP.
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2. The streets are unpaved (1980:45)
The street are unpaved is aclause. The streets are ‘noun phrase’ that consists of the determiner the and the head of the noun streets. Similarly, are is classified as a verb phrase and are can be taken as the head element. It is in the form of a linking verb.
In terms of syntactic functions, the streets functions as ‘the subject’ of the clause, while, are unpaved is ‘predicate’; within the VP that forms the predicate andare is the ‘predicator’ that is used for the head of the VP.
It can be concluded that the deverbal adjectives are built up by the base verb and suffixes -ing or -ed. Furthermore, the meaning of deverbal adjectives can be changed into the negative form by adding prefixes un-.
It is shown in the structure of the phrase that deverbal adjectives have two functions. The deverbal adjective in phrasal level can function as subject and object. Meanwhile, in the structure of the clause, the function of deverbal adjective is as predicate.
Bauer, Laurie. 1983. English Word-Formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huddleston, Rodney and G.K Pullum. 2005. A Student Introduction to English Grammar. United States of America: Cambridge University Press.
Quirk, R. et. al. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman
Reader’s Digest 1980 October edition. Hongkong: READER’S DIGEST
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