THE NOMINALIZING SUFFIXES FOUND IN JOHN GREEN’S NOVEL “THE FAULT IN OUR STARS”
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ISSN: 2302-920X
Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud
Vol 16.2 Agustus 2016: 173-180
THE NOMINALIZING SUFFIXES FOUND IN JOHN GREEN’S NOVEL “THE FAULT IN OUR STARS”
Ni Made Vidia Dwi Antari1*, Ketut Artawa2, Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni3 [123]English Department Faculty Of Arts, Udayana University 1[dwiantarividia@gmail.com] 2[artawa56@yahoo.com] 3[ketutsrirahayuni@gmail.com] *
Corresponding Author
Abstrak
Penelitian ini berjudul The Nominalizing Suffixes Found in John Green’s Novel “The Fault in Our Stars”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi akhiran yang membentuk kata benda serta menjelaskan fungsi dan maknanya dalam kalimat. Data diambil dari sebuah novel yang ditulis oleh John Green berjudul The Fault in Our Stars diterbitkan di New York oleh Dutton Books di tahun 2012. Teori utama yang digunakan adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Quirk (1973) tentang proses afiksasi. Sebagai tambahan, penelitian ini juga menggunakan teori terkait yang dikemukakan oleh Bauer (1983), Katamba (1993), dan Frank (1972). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh akhiran “class maintaining” dari kelas kata benda seperti akhiran –hood, -ship, -er, -ism, -ist, -ess, and –ette. Namun, dalam akhiran “class changing” terdapat sembilan akhiran dari kelas kata kerja menjadi kata benda seperti akhiran –ation, -al, -er/-or, -ment, -ure, -ant, -ion, -ing, -ence/-ance, dan dari kelas kata sifat menjadi kata benda seperti akhiran –ness, -cy, -ity, -dom, dan –th.
Kata Kunci: Morfologi, Derivatif, Kata Benda
Words are the basic units of language. Words can be complex or simple. The complex words can be broken down into smaller units as morphemes. The study about the way in which words can be broken down into morphemes is called morphology. In morphology there is a term called affixation. That affix morphemes can be divided into two major functional categories, namely inflectional affixes which do not change referential or cognitive meaning and derivational affixes which can change the word class and also the meaning to which the base belongs. This study focuses on discussing the nominalizing suffixes to find out which word classes can be changed into nouns in the novel “The Fault in Our Stars” by John Green. Noun is chosen since it has a lot of members, the largest number in English word classes. In order to understand sentences in English better, it is necessary to know about the process of word formation, mainly the process that causes the formation of new lexemes by suffixation. That is why the
derivational suffixes particularly, in the derived nouns are important and interesting to be analyzed.
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a. What nominalizing suffixes are found in the novel “The Fault in Our Stars” by John Green?
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b. What functions and meanings of nominalizing suffixes in the sentences are found in the novel “The Fault in Our Stars” by John Green?
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a. To identify the nominalizing suffixes found in John Green’s novel “The Fault in Our Stars”
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b. To explain their functions and meanings in the sentences found in John Green’s novel “The Fault in Our Stars”
The data source of this study were taken from the novel “The Fault in Our Stars” written by John Green which consist of 25 chapters. This novel was chosen as the data source since it contains several numbers of nominalizing suffixes. This study used documentation method through reading and note-taking in collecting the data. The method was done by reading the novel and finding out the words which contain of nominalizing suffixes. The words which are derived nouns were underlined. Finally, the data were collected and noted. Qualitative method was used to analyze the data in this study. First, the data were classified based on the suffixes and then those words were seperated from their suffixes to know the base form. Then, the bases of the words were grouped into their word classes to ascertain in what type of derivation the words belong to. Lastly, their meanings and functions in the sentences were analyzed.
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a. Suffix –hood
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- Most would live into adulthood, as Patrick had. (Green, 2012:5)
The underlined word above is the new lexeme which is constructed from the noun base adult and suffix –hood is added to it to form the noun adulthood. This addition does not change the grammatical class of the base. The word adulthood can be determined as a noun because in the sentence it functions as the object of preposition. The derived noun adulthood has the meaning of indicating status.
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b. Suffix –ship
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- Your coup becomes a dictatorship. (Green, 2012: 311)
The attachment of suffix -ship forms a new lexeme dictatorship which belongs to the noun class from the noun base dictator. That word can be determined as a noun because it functions as a complement in the sentence. The derived noun dictatorship tends to have the meaning of indicating condition.
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c. Suffix –er
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- I just can’t admit it because I’m a teenager” (Green, 2012: 28)
The underlined word teenager is a new lexeme which is formed through a derivational process by adding suffix –er to the base teenage which belongs to noun. The word teenager can be determined as a noun because it functions as a complement in the sentence. The suffix –er means indicating varied meaning as in the word teenager.
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d. Suffix –ism
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- His enthusiasm was adorable (Green, 2012: 147)
The word enthusiasm which is derived from the base enthusiast belongs to the noun class. The base form is added by the suffix –ism to form enthusiasm which also belongs to the noun class. The new lexeme enthusiasm can be determined as a noun because it functions as subject. From the example above, enthusiasm indicates the meaning of attitude.
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e. Suffix –ist
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- When the scientists of the future show up at my house with robot eyes and they tell me to try..(Green, 2012: 258)
The underlined word scientists is the new lexeme which is constructed from the noun base science and the suffix -ist is added to it to form the noun scientists. The word scientists can be determined as a noun because in the sentence it functions as a subject. The derived noun scientists has the meaning of indicating occupation.
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f. Suffix –ess
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- The hostess’s eyes lit up as Augustus and I walked toward her. (Green, 2012:162)
The attachment of suffix –ess forms the new lexeme hostess which belongs to the noun class from the noun base host. That word can be determined as a noun because it functions as a subject in the sentence. The derived noun hostess tends to have the meaning of indicating female.
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g. Suffix –ette
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- He flipped it open and put a cigarette between his lips (Green, 2012:19)
The word cigarette is formed from the base cigar and belongs to the noun class. The suffix –ette is added to it to form cigarette which belongs to the noun class. It can be determined as a noun because it functions as the object of verb in the sentence. The derived noun cigarette tends to have the meaning of indicating small.
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a. Suffix –ation
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- Get it? All representation of a thing are inherently abstract. (Green, 2012:178)
The word representation is the new lexeme which is derived from the verb base represent to which the suffix –ation is added to form the noun representation. The word representation can be determined as a noun because it functions as the subject of the sentence. The meaning of the derived noun representation is state.
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b. Suffix –al
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- Left my rental at the bottom of the hill.”(Green, 2012:275)
The attachment of suffix –al forms the new lexeme rental which belongs to the noun class from the verb base rent. That word can be determined as a noun because it functions as the object of the verb in the sentence. The derived noun rental tends to have the meaning of indicating action.
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c. Suffix –er/-or
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- “He sounds like a winner” (Green, 2012:15)
The underlined word winner is the new lexeme which is constructed from the verb base win and the suffix -er is added to it to form the noun winner. The word winner
can be determined as a noun because in the sentence it functions as a complement. The derived noun winner has the meaning of indicating agentive.
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d. Suffix –ment
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- He is an embarrassment to a great family.” (Green, 2012:197)
The derived noun embarrassment is the new lexeme which is formed from the verb base embarrass. The suffix –ment brings a changing process towards the grammatical class of the base, that is, from verb into noun. The word embarrassment can be determined as a noun because it functions as a complement. The meaning of derived noun embarrassment is state.
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e. Suffix –ure
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- After he’d recovered his composure, he added, ..(Green, 2012:259)
The underlined word composure is the new lexeme which is constructed from the verb base compose and the suffix –ure is added to it to form the noun composure. The word composure can be determined as a noun because in the sentence it functions as the object of the verb. The derived noun composure has the meaning of indicating state of.
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f. Suffix –ant
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- “He was an assistant,” Augustus said. (Green, 2012:67)
The attachment of suffix –ant forms a new lexeme assistant which belongs to the noun class from the verb base assist. That word can be determined as a noun because it functions as a complement in the sentence. The derived noun assistant tends to indicate agentive.
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g. Suffix –ion
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- This was not even to mention the cankle situation (Green, 2012:9)
The derived noun situation is the new lexeme which is formed from the verb base situate. The suffix –ion brings a changing process towards the grammatical class of the base from verb into noun. The word situation can be determined as a noun because it functions as the object of the verb. The meaning of the derived noun situation is state.
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h. Suffix –ing
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- I considered lying. (Green, 2012:23)
The underlined word above is constructed from verb base lie. The suffix –ing is attached to the base to form the noun lying. The word lying can be determined as a noun
because it functions as the object of the verb in the sentence. The derived noun lying indicates the meaning of activity.
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i. Suffix –ence/-ance
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- “Ignorance is bliss,” I said (Green, 2012:220)
The underlined word ignorance is the new lexeme which is constructed from the verb base ignore and the suffix –ance is added to it to form the noun ignorance. The word ignorance can be determined as a noun because in the sentence it functions as the subject. The derived noun ignorance means state of.
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5.2.2 De-adjectival Noun
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a. Suffix –ness
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- The darkness is still complete. (Green, 2012:133)
The attachment of suffix –ness forms the new lexeme darkness which belongs to the noun class from the adjective base dark. That word can be determined as a noun because it functions as the subject of the sentence. The derived noun darkness tends to mean quality.
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b. Suffix –cy
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- “See, Isaac, if you just take-we’re coming to the curb now-the feeling of legitimacy away from them..(Green, 2012:229)
The word legitimacy is a form noun which is formed from the base legitimate and to which the suffix –cy is added. The word legitimate is categorized as an adjective. It can be determined as a noun because it functions as the object of the preposition. The derived noun legitimacy indicates state of.
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c. Suffix –ity
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- The gentle familiarity felt wrong, somehow. (Green, 2012:92)
The underlined word above is constructed from the adjective base familiar. When the suffix –ity is attached to the base, the noun familiarity is formed. The word familiarity can be determined as a noun because it functions as the subject of the sentence. The derived noun familiarity indicates state.
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d. Suffix –dom
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- “Some tourists think Amsterdam is a city of sin, but in truth it is a city of freedom. (Green, 2012:157)
The underlined word freedom is a new lexeme which is formed through the derivational process by adding suffix –dom to the base free which is an adjective. The word freedom can be determined as a noun because it functions as the complement of the sentence. The suffix –dom means condition as in the word freedom.
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e. Suffix -th
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- ..looking at me as if to say I’m sorry, as if it were a crime to mention death
to the dying. (Green, 2012:44)
The derived noun death is the new lexeme which is formed from the adjective base dead. Suffix –th brings a changing process towards the grammatical class of the base from adjective into noun. The word death can be determined as a noun because it functions as a complement. The meaning of derived noun death is state.
It can be concluded that the nominalizing suffixes found in the novel “The Fault in Our Stars” by John Green are suffix -hood, -ship, -er, -ism, -ist, -ess, –ette, -ation, -al, -er/or, -ment, -ure, -ant, -ion, -ing, –ence/ance, -ness, -cy, -ity, -dom, and –th. The functions of nominalizing suffixes are first, maintaining the class of word, in this case, from noun into noun (de-nominal noun). These suffixes can lead to a shift in the grammatical subclass of the base without moving it into a new word class; second, changing the word class, in this case, from verb into noun (de-verbal noun) and from adjective into noun (de-adjectival noun). These suffixes produce new lexemes which belong to different classes from the base. Each nominalizing suffix has its own meaning, for examples, the suffix –ation means state, action or institution, the suffix – hood means status, the suffix -th means state or condition, etc.
Bauer, Laurie. 1983. English Word – Formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, INC
Green, John. 2012. The Fault In Our Stars. New York: Dutton Books Penguin Group
Hornby, AS. 2010. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Current English; Eighth Edition. Toronto: Oxford University Press
Katamba, Francis. 1993. Morphology. London: Macmillan Press Ltd
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S. 1973.A University Grammar of English. Sydney: Longman
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