ISSN: 2302-920X

Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud

Vol 16.1 Juli 2016: 18-25

Illocutionary Acts of Conversation Between Man and Zombie in Movie “Warm Bodies”

Chresensia Natalia Br Ginting1*, Made Budiarsa2, I Gede Putu Sudana3

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123English Department Faculty of Arts, Udayana University

[e-mail : chresensiaginting@gmail.com]1[e-mail : madebudiarsa@yahoo.com]2

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[e-mail : igedeputusudana@yahoo.com]3

Abstrak

Didalam penelitian ini, penulis menganalisa Ilokusi yang terdapat didalam ucapan kalimat di karakter zombie di film yang berjudul “Warm Bodies.” Penulis mengumpulkan data dari teks berbahasa inggris dalam film “Warm Bodies”, kemudian mengklasifikasikan ilokusi dan, konteks situasi berdasarkan ilmu teori klasifikasi ilokusi yang dikemukakan oleh Searle (1976), dan teori konteks situasi yang dikemukan oleh Hymes (1972) untuk menemukan pengaruhnya terhadap kalimat ucapan tersebut. Untuk tetap fokus dalam penelitian, penulis membuat batasan batasan untuk menganalisis kalimat ucapan yang terdapat diantara zombie dan manusia.

Dari analisis tersebut, penulis menemukan lima kalsifikasi dari Ilokusi yang terdapat dalam pecakapan antara zombie dan manusia dalam film “Warm Bodies” yaitu Assertive (keluhan, pernyataan, informasi, bantahan, kritik, deskripsi), Directives (nasehat, perintah, permohonan, peringatan, paksaan, permintaan, undangan), Commisive (janji, tawaran), Expressive (pernyataan maaf, pernyataan terima kasih, pujian), Declarative (penamaan). Setelah menemukan klasifikasi dari ilokusi, kalimat ucapaan tersebut dianalisi dibawah konteks situasi. Semua bagian konteks yang telah disingkat menjadi SPEAKING mempengaruhi kalimat perbuatan tersebut.

Kata kunci : Ilokusi, konteks situasi, “Warm Bodies”

  • 1.    Background of study

Language is important thing in communication. As the most effective communication tool, language is also the way for communicating and sending the message. Language has a different way to get the meaning in each terms, times and conditions. In the conversation we could find speech act inside the utterance. Inside the conversation many speech have a purpose to ask his/her interlocutors.

Communication is an important aspect in our daily social life. People communicate for conveying information or expressing feeling about something to those they are addressing. In saying something, a person has a certain purpose and the success of communication depends on recognition of the purpose by the hearer. The ability of

the people in communicating each other are different. They have the weakness and the strength of the communication in uttering the statements or the information.

Pragmatically, a speaker, through his utterance is not only uttering the sounds of the language for communicating but also performs the act of doing something. For instance act of asking, act of giving advice, act of making promise and offering, act of giving order and etc. In other words, one can do action by means of language. The action perform via utterances are generally calls speech act (George Yule, 2000: 47)

Context of situation is an important thing in pragmatic study. Context is a background knowledge assumed to be shared by speaker and hearer and which contributes to hearer’s interpretation of what speaker means by a given utterance.

Illocutionary acts carried out by a speaker making an utterance are the act viewed in terms of the utterance significance within a conventional system of social intraction. Based Searle (1976), illocutionary act can be divided into five general classification. There are declaration, representatives, expressive, directives, commisive.

The activity of illocutionary act often be found in movies. This study will analyzed a movie “Warm Bodies”. This movie is chosen because nowadays many literature works especially movies have story using a zombie character. The conversation that used in the movie was done by the characters who had the different creatures. Therefore between their conversations contained a lot of unique speech act. The interesting in particular is how their speech acts impact each other and could be understood by between those different creatures.

  • 2.    Problem of study

  • 1.    What are the classifications of illocutionary acts that are found in the conversation between man and zombie?

  • 2.    What context of situation underlies in Illocutionary acts were performed by speakers between man and zombie in “Warm Bodies” ?

  • 3.    The aims of study

  • 1.    To identify classifications of illocutionary acts conversation between man and zombie

  • 2.    To analyze context of situation that underlie in the illocutionary act that are found.

  • 4.    Research design

In doing research, there was certainly a method that was used in order to make the work systematical and structural. The methodology that used in this study is included the following components. They were data source, method and technique collecting data, method and technique analyzing data.

  • 4.    1 Data source

In this study, the data was taken from the dialogue of a movie entitled “Warm Bodies”. Directed and written by Jonathan Levine in 2013. It was downloaded from internet in website address, which is from http://www.yifysubtitles.com/movie-imdb/tt1588173. In this subtitle, there are more than 400 act utterances occur among the conversation. But, it was just picked 25 as main data to analyze the classification and the context of situation.

  • 4.2    Method and Technique of collecting Data

First, the screenplay that has been downloaded from internet, for the comprehensive data, was read by reading the screenplay, the illocutionary acts within the screenplay were scanned.

Second, the data which belongs to utterances that emerged as object of this study, utterances of illocutionary acts were noted down to abridge which one from the data would be analyzed and picked as main data.

Lastly, the illocutionary acts which were found in accordance with their types were classified. The data was written down onto paper and classified into illocutionary acts, whether they were assertive, directive, commisive, expressive, and declarative.

  • 4.3    Technique for Analyzing Data

First, this study is classify what kind of illocutionary acts that appear in the conversation between man and zombie. It used theory proposed by Searle (1974). Then, it was the analysis of the functions of each illocutionary acts found in screenplay based on theory of context of situation. It used the theory of Ethnography of Communication proposed by Hymes (in Schiffrin, 1994).

  • 5.     The Analysis of Types and Context of Situation of Illocutionary Act in

Warm Bodies Movie

After collecting the data, the data are classified based on the types of speech act. There are five types of speech acts, namely: Assertive, Directive, Commisive, Expressive, and Declarative. It was found that there are a lot occurrences of context of situation onto illocutionary acts. Here are the explanations and some examples of type of illocutionary act on Man and zombie’s dialogue in movie Warm Bodies.

  • 5.    1 Assertive

Assertive is illocutionary act which try to represent situation or condition and also describe the states or events in the world, such as arguing, asserting, stating, claiming, complaining, describing, informing, reporting etc.

The examples from the movie:

  • •    You said a few days. It’s been a few days, R. I have to go home. (Complaining)

  • •    Lots of us changing Dreaming. (Asserting)

  • •    Boneys chasing me. They’re chasing us. (Informing)

  • •    No. Things don’t getting better. Thing get worse. (Arguing)

  • •    That’s too m-much. (Criticizing)

  • •    But you didn’t eat me. You rescued me. Like, a bunch. It must be hard being stuck in there. You know, I can see you trying. Maybe that’s what people do. You know, we try to be better. Sometimes we kind of suck at it. But I look at you and you try so much harder than any human in my city. You’re a good person, R. Anyway. (Describing)

  • 5.2    Directive

Directive is illocutionary acts point of this class that they are attempted by the speaker to get the hearer to do something, e.g. asking, advising, begging, forbidding, ordering, requesting, suggesting, recommending, demanding, insisting, and permitting. The examples from the movie:

  • •    We could put on a little bit of foundation, Maybe a little blush. Probably a lot of blush. (Advising)

  • •    H-h have to wait. (Ordering)

  • •    Please leave me alone. (Begging)

  • •    You can’t just do that. It’s dangerous. Jesus, R, are you crazy? The people here, they’re not like me. If they see you, you’ll get killed. (Warning)

  • •    I insist. (Insisting)

  • •    Well, then you’re just gonna have to go and get me some food. Because I’m starved. Please? I’d be very grateful for some food”. (Requesting)

  • •    I was…. I was thinking…. You know, you could sleep in there if you want.

On the floor. These houses creep me out,so…. Okay.. (Inviting)

  • 5.3    Commisive

Commissive is illocutionary act which point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action, such as committing, promising, refusing, wishing, predicting, threatening, vowing, and volunteering.

The examples from the movie:

  • •    F-f-few d-days. Th-they’ll f-forget. Y-y-you’ll be okay. (Promising)

  • •    You need some help? (Offering)

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  • 5.4    Expressive

Expressive is illocutionary act that express the speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the proposition. The paradigms of expressive verbs are apologizing, complimenting, condoling, congratulating, deploring, praising, regretting, thanking, and welcoming.

The examples from the movie:

  • •    I’m sorry. Julie. I’m sorry Julie…. (Apologizing)

  • •    Thank you. Oh my God . mmm! (Thanking)

  • •    Better s-sound. Oh, you‘re a purist, huh? More alive. Yeah. That’s true. Lot more trouble, though. (Praising)

Declarative

Declarative is illocutionary act that change the reality in accord with the proposition of the declaration, e.g. approving, betting, blessing, christening, confirming, declaring, dismissing, resigning, naming etc.

The examples from the movie:

  • •    Why don’t I just call you “R”? (Naming)

Analysis Context of Situation

Example the analysis, one of utterance

That’s too m-much. (Criticizing)

  • 1.    Setting and Scene

Airstrip where several airplane park and be zombie’s home. The scene is informal since both of them in the same age.

  • 2.      Participant

Two participants here are R and Julie whose relation is friend in that time. R is a zombie who saves Julie life because he is falling in love to her.

  • 3.     End

R utterance has a goal to critic Julie act because Julie walk not natural like real zombie and she is grunting too loud.

  • 4.    Act Sequence

Among zombies group Julie must pretend like zombie, the purpose is to make zombie not suspicious. In the end, Julie changes her walking style.

  • 5.    Key

The key of the utterance is precise.

  • 6.      Instrumentalities

The speaker communicates verbally. The utterance is in declarative form.

  • 7.    Norms

The talk was such an ordinary talk for the R because the response shown by Julie is not in accordance with the common situation in his community.

  • 8.    Genre

The genre of the utterance is a suggestion

  • 6.    Conclusion

First, five classifications of illocutionary acts are performed by speaker, found in Warm Bodies movie. They are assertive (complaining, asserting, informing, arguing, criticizing, describing, suggesting), directives (Advising, Ordering, begging, warning, insisting, requesting, inviting), commisives (Promising, offering), expressive (Apologizing, Thanking, praising.) and Declarative (naming).

Second, from the analysis that had been conducted, context of situation take an important part because the context of situation influences action or thought to the speaker’s utterance.

Finally, Genre of this movie could attract the consumer in movie firm by changing the characters of zombie to humanities nowadays. This movie shows zombie and human could talk and understand each other’s even though it has not proper talk and zombie just show few utterances. It can be proved by the analysis of illocutionary act and the context of situation that influences the act.

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