Journal of A Sustainable Global South, p-ISSN: 2579-6062

The Study of Site Selections of Green Open Space as a City Park in the Badung Regency

Putu Andre Wicaksana Putra1, Ngakan Putu Sueca2, Tri Anggraini Prajnawrdhi3

Program Study of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University

Denpasar, Bali

andreaverno64@gmail.com

Program Study of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University

Denpasar, Bali

Program Study of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University

Denpasar, Bali

Abstract The density of a city affects the power to build an area. Regional development has a large impact on compaction and land cover on an area. This will certainly affect the reduced availability of open land, especially green open space (GOS) in an area. At the mandate of the government through Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning spatial planning it is required that within an area the availability of green open space be 30% of the total area. Badung Regency need for green space with a minimum area standard / capita of 0.3 m2 will obtain the area of green park needs of the City of 18,900 m2. The need for green space is then initiated by the Government of Badung Regency that the procurement will be followed by the provision of public space functions in the form of city parks. In the provision of green space in the form of city parks, a study of locations that will be used as city parks is needed. This location study begins by looking at locations that have potential by looking at accessibility, social, cultural, economic, and physical conditions as well as permits and regulations related to the land status. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to conduct a site study using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. That way it will be easier to conclude and determine the best location as a function of green open space as well as public open space in the form of city parks.

Keywords : Location, Green Open Space, City Park, Mangupura

  • I.    Preface

The site availability along with Green Open Space functions (GOS) is a matter that is mentioned in the Law number 26, 2007, concerning spatial planning. It has been mentioned that in a region, the GS availability is 30% of the total area. This requirement has to be fulfilled with the established minimum number of GS.

City GOS is a critical component that affects human life quality, both ecologically or socio-psychologically. However, this day the proportion is gradually decreasing due to the high population density because of the high growth of the human population [1]. The increasing population is indirectly followed by increasing the demand

for energy consumption and land to settle. This is not compensated by the land-use control to restrict human interventions against the urban natural environment [2].

Mangupura is the capital city of the Badung Regency. It functioned as the central government and economy and has caused regional development and society to grow significantly. The GOS requirements can function as a social activity medium, and as an aesthetic value point and a landmark, then the GOS is required in Mangupura.

The total Urban Area in Mangupura is 3.587 hectares. Following the Spatial Management Regulations number 26, 2007, explained that the GOS of Urban Area is 30% from total urban area consisting of 20% Public GS and 10% Private GOS. Based on the calculation, the GOS area

requirement is 30%, then the Urban Area of Mangupura ideally requires 1076,1 hectares for GS allotments with the proportion: 717,4 Hectares for Public GOS and 358,7 Hectares for Private GOS.

To overcome that matter, the Badung Regency Government is exerting an effort to increase the GOS area. Badung Regency Government has the purpose of providing the GOS alongside with the recreation function in a city park form and later will be called Mangupura City Park. This city park targets to have functions such as ecology function support, socio-cultural, aesthetic, and social economy function. By that matter, it has to be conducted to study sites in order to find out the sites that match the purposes.

  • II.    Method of Site Selection Study

The method used to study and to determine the site of Mangupura City Park provision is the scoring method by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).

The main principle of the AHP method is to simplify the complex and unstructured problem into parts that can be arranged in a hierarchy. Each level of interest in every variable marked with numeric value is subjective concerning the critical meaning of the variable rather than other variables [3].

The AHP method is used to evaluate and select the best alternative based on certain criteria consideration that is used as a basis for assessments. In the trace of the mathematical equation and calculation process applied, the AHP process essentially forms the matrix that states relative interest value from an attribute towards another. In applying the AHP method, human perception is used as the main input to state the relation between attributes and the first step to resolve the problem.

In this research, the AHP method will be used to find the hierarchy from several complex variables in defining the site properness as the city park. Some aspects must be used as the priority criteria and supporting criteria summarized using the AHP method. The site will be determined by score potency weighting from one site to another from the hierarchy determination.

  • III.    Green Open Space (GOS)

It is a category from which the whole open space consists of plants and vegetation (endemic, introduction) to support GOS benefits such as security, amenity, prosperity, and beauty. GOS can also be defined as follows [4].

Open space on its establishment has functions such as 1) To provide light and air circulation into the building especially on a tall building in the center of the town; 2) To bring the perspective impression and vista to urban scenes, mainly on the dense area in the center of the town; 3) To provide recreation area in specific activities form; 4) To protect the area ecology function; 5) To give “solid-void” in the city area; 6) As a reserved area for future application

(development reserve area) [5].

From the statement above, it can be concluded that the GOS is one of the categories from open space that mainly focused on greening availability; plants, trees, shrubs, bushes, and many more. It is green, but it is how the space functions as well as space where the lights in and air turbulence are. Aesthetically, the GOS functions to form the perspective impression and vista on urban scenes, especially in the full building area.

  • IV.    GOS on Its Function As a City Park

Public GOS is a GOS that is owned and managed by the local government (city/regency), and it is used for public concerns in general [6].

Started that a city park is an open space with social and aesthetic functions as a recreational activity medium, education, and other activity on the city level. A city park is intending to serve the citizens of city parts. This park serves with a minimum standard 0,3 m2 per citizen, with a minimum total park area 144.000 m2. This park can be in the form of a green field (GOS) with recreational and sports facilities, and a sports complex with 80%-90% of minimum GOS. All those facilities are open to the public. A city park can create a sense of place, to be a landmark, and as an assembly point for communities [7].

V. Mangupura City Conditions

TABLE I

The numbers of the total population in Badung Regency in 2014 -

2018

Year

Village

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Mengwi

7.538

7.574

7580

7.599

7.689

Gulingan

7.699

7.696

7730

7.73

7.865

Mengwitani

6.861

6.802

6810

6.813

7.023

Kekeran

3.67

3.693

3690

3.698

3.847

Kapal

11.266

11.487

11900

11.502

11.95

Abianbase

5.787

5.846

5870

5.874

5.991

Lukluk

6.964

7.256

7140

7.148

7.353

Sempidi

5.487

5.5

5684

5.684

5.749

Sading

7.064

7.126

7250

7.262

7.511

Total

62.336

62.980

63.654

63.310

64.978

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Badung Regency in the year 2019

Based on the data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2019, the Urban Area land usage in Mangupura, 2018, consists of the usage of the existing built land of 1149,7 Hectares (23,3%) and the unbuilt land is 2451 Hectares (76,7%). The Urban Area population in Mangupura is 64.978 inhabitants, with a growth rate of 2,97% year counted from 2013. With total area 3587 Hectares, the density area of Urban Areas in Mangupura: 1881 inhabitants/Km2.

Fig. 1. Population Growth Rate in Mangupura City, Badung Regency Source: Data analysis results in a form of numbers from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Badung Regency, 2019

From the types of GOS in the Badung Regency according to Ministerial Regulations of Public Works Number 05/PRT/M/2008, the GOS area in Badung Regency is 7.626,76 Hectares. The most extensive GOS area is a city forest of 5.707,59 Hectares. The GOS area percentage of city forest towards the total GOS is 74,84%, and the percentage towards the total area of the regency is 14,41%. The GOS distribution in each sub-districts is very varied. As it viewed from the total area, the biggest sub-district until the smallest is Petang, South Kuta, Mengwi, Kuta, Abiansemal, and North Kuta with each total area around 5.414, 1.373, 353, 215, 118, dan 93 Hectares (see table 2). If it compares to the whole area of Badung Regency, the GOS scale in the Badung Regency is 19,26%, or in other words, it has a total of 7.626,76 Hectares. The GOS distribution in Badung Regency is shown in the table below:

TABLE II

The GOS distribution in the Badung Regency

Zi

The GOS existing total area (Ha)

Zi

O

H

S

W

b

4)

ε

U

÷i

a-

Riparian area

O

U

K

'o

K

'O

S

M

SJ c3 «

JS 03

⅛! ’w c/i

421,5 8

10,45

151, 23

143, 61

165, 61

458, 25

-

5,99

16,40

1.37

3,13

03 'S

70,43

3,77

30,8 4

20,3 1

75,1 8

-

0,86

1,52

11,95

214, 85

⅛ S

-

1,82

3,06

41,5 5

46,4 2

-

-

-

0,57

93,4 3

S

-

8,99

4,55

241, 43

37,5 9

-

-

57,72

2,87

353, 15

13,64

3,18

1,55

148, 47

-

-

-

10,79

-

117, 63

Ofi

0-i

5.201, 94

3,14

4,26

190, 07

-

12,2 2

-

2,68

0,25

5.41

4,57

5.707, 59

31,35

195, 50

785, 44

324, 81

470, 47

0,86

78,70

32,04

7.62

6,76

Source: The Open Space Planning Study and The Open Space Non-Green in badung regency.

  • VI.    Area Requirements

For the GOS area requirement in the form of a city park in the Mangupura Urban Area, according to the Ministerial Regulation of Public Works concerning the guidelines of GOS supply and utilization in the Urban Area, then the GOS requirement of a city park is as follow:

TABLE III

The GOS requirements

Environment Unit

GOS Type

Minimal Area/Unit (m2)

Minimal Area/ Capita (m2)

Site

Requirement

City Park

144.000

0,3

in the center area/town

480.000 inhabitants

CIty Forest

adjusted

4,0

inside/suburban

Specific Function

adjusted

12,5

adjusted to requirement

Source: Ministerial of Public Works regulation 05/PRT/M/2008

concerning the supply and utilization in the Urban Area

Based on the total number of population in 2018 (63.316 inhabitants) then it requires a city park as wide as 18.900 m2 (minimum standard area/capita 0,3 m2) while the requirement based on the projection of population in 2030 (323.334 inhabitants), it means that the GOS area requirement is 97.000 m2. Then, the target area 30% of the total city area can be reached in stages by the urban area allocation strategy typically. The GOS providing strategy in an urban city space can be started from the unbuilt spaces as infrastructure such as roads, parks, and many more. For the private GOS provisions as a supporting percentage, the GOS availability in Mangupura can be started using the unbuilt area in every private residential land. The garden and the house yard that is available because of KDB is a potency that can be utilized. Those strategies can be shown in the following picture.

Fig. 2. The GOS providing strategy structure in the urban space


Fig. 3. Potential distribution of the location of Mangupura City Park


  • VII.    Site Potency Identification

Based on the land composition data, an urban area in Mangupura consists of 31,93% of built land, and 68,07% of unbuilt land. After the area is measured, then the filtering is conducted on the unbuilt land by following the Regulations Number 41, 2009, concerning the protection of sustainable agricultural land (PSAL) and Local Regulations of Badung Regency number 26, 2013, concerning the spatial planning management in the Badung Regency 2013-2033. The filtering was conducted to find out the alternative sites in order to correspond with the instruction of protection of sustainable agricultural land and with the local regulation about the RTRW in the Badung Regency. The unbuilt land category that is not proper for the filtered city park development site is the sustainable agricultural land, and also the land that is not according to the local regulations number 26, 2013, concerning the spatial planning management in the Badung Regency area 2013-2033.

Based on the data processing result by satellite imagery, geospatial information data, and field survey, the site alternative of Mangupura Urban Area City Park will be divided based on the existing conditions and the space pattern planning structure with the total 17 sites. All numbers and GOS distribution can be seen in the map below:

  • VIII.  Site Analysis Based on the Accessibility (Centrality Index)

Based on the Ministerial Regulation of Public Works 05/PRT/M/2008 concerning the GOS supply and utilization in the Urban Area. The GOS City Park type requires the location requirement. The GOS city park type requirement has to be near the center of the city. The center activity in the urban area can be seen by the facility's location in cityscale service.

Fig. 3. Analisis indeks sentralitas alternatif lokasi Taman Kota Mangupura TABLE IV

The analysis of alternative centrality index of Mangupura city

PARK SITES

facilities


Environment Unit

GOS type

Minimum area/unit (M2)

Minimum area/capita (m2)

Site requirement

city park

144.000

0.3

Center of the city

Based on the analysis result, sites 1 allotment according to the RTRW guideline of Badung regency is for the GOS allotment area, and according to the RDTR guideline of Mengwi sub-district is GOS-1 zone. Site 3 allotments according to the RTRW guideline of Badung regency is for Food Crop Agriculture (FCA), residential, and GOS, and according to the RDTR of Mengwi sub-district is for food crop agriculture zone. Site 6 allotments according to the RTRW guideline of Badung regency is for residential area and office area, and according to the RDTR Mengwi subdistrict is for regency level office area and housing zone. Site 8 according to the RTRW Badung regency is for GOS allotment and residential, and according to the RDTR Mengwi sub-district is for housing zone and cemetery Site 13 and 14 according to the RTRW Badung regency is for GOS allotment, and according to the RDTR Mengwi subdistrict is for GOS-1 zone and public service facilities (PSF). Site 16, according to the RTRW Badung regency, is for residential area and, according to the RDTR Mengwi sub-district, is for public service facilities.

TABLE IV

Location analysis based on the suitability of the designation

WITH THE SPATIAL LAYOUT

No

Site/Location

Village/Ward

Existing Land Usage

Total area (Ha)

Space Pattern Plan (Local regulation 23/2013)

Space pattern plan

1

Jl. Raya Denpasar Gilimanuk

Sempidi ward and Lukluk ward

rice fields

34.78

GOS

GOS-1

3

Jl. Raya Abianbase

Abianbase ward

plantations (and shrubs)

14.98

FCA, residential, and GOS

FCA zone

6

Jl. Dalung Sading

Sempidi ward

plantation

4.79

residential and office area

regency office and housing zone

8

Jl. Gandamayu

Mengwitani village

plantation

3.77

GOS and residential

housing zone and cemetery

13

Jl. Raya Denpasar Gilimanuk

Kapal ward

sport field

1.43

GOS

GOS-1 (PSF)

14

Jl. Danau Toba

Mengwi ward

sport facilities

1.43

GOS

GOS-1 (PSF)

16

Jl. Ayodya

Mengwi ward

shrubs

3.0

residential

public service

  • IX.    Site Analysis Based on the Potency and Development Issue

1 Jl. Raya Denpasar Gilimanuk Sempidi ward and rice fields     4.78 Ha

Lukluk ward

Fig. 4. Analysis result on site 1

Development Potency:

1) Enormous potency with a total area 34,78 Ha that is quite enough to develop a city park; 2) Flat topography site condition (0,5%), no cut, and fill needed. The land is ready to develop; it only needs to form the soil surface; 3) High accessibility, located on the main road (primary lane). Very high public engagement; 4) It is not in the disaster-prone areas (flood and landslide); 5) Near the area service center (Badung Central Government Office); 6) Local regulation 26/2013 as a Green Open Space (GOS) allotment, and it supported by matek RDTR as GOS-1 (GOS park).

Development Issue:

1) The existence of productive agricultural land (PSAL scale rekom3); 2) High-cost land acquisition, Sales Value of Taxable Object Rp. 5.625.000/m2 (land acquisition estimation is 500 billion).

3 Jl. Raya      Abianbase plantations, rice fields, and shrubs 14,98 Ha

Abianbase ward

Fig. 5. Analysis result on site 3

Development potency:

  • 1)    It has sufficient land area to develop the city park (14,98 Ha); 2) Quite flat topography site condition (2,5%). It requires a small cut and fill. The land is ready to develop; it only needs to form the soil surface; 3) It is not in the disaster-prone areas (flood and landslide); 4) Near to the residential center and activity center; 5) Near the area service center (Badung Central Government Office); 6) Sales Value of Taxable Object Rp. 1.573.000/m2 (land acquisition estimation is 30 billion).

Development issue:

  • 1)    Site accessibility is an environmental road class. It has limited access (4 and 2 wheeled vehicles), and it is not public accessibility; 2) The site form is not quite in flat condition, and it requires site improvement on the soil surface for a city park; 3) Mixed productive lands (rice field and plantation).

6 Jl. Dalung Sading (in front of the Central     Sempidi plantation 4.79 Ha

Government Office)                       ward

Fig. 6. Analysis result on site 6

Development potency:

  • 1)    Quite a strategic land site, located in front of taman jepun Badung Central Government Office, so if it takes further development, it can be integrated with the taman jepun; 2) Collector class road accessibility. It has one road with the entrance of the Badung Central Government Office; 3) Flat topography site condition (0-5%). It requires no cut and fill. The land is ready to develop; it only needs to form the soil surface; 4) It is not in the disaster-prone areas (flood, earthquake, and landslide); 5) Near to the residential center and activity center; 6) Near to the residence area and public service center area; 7)Sales Value of Taxable Object Rp. 3.100.000/m2 (land acquisition estimation is 60 billion).

Development issue:

  • 1)    Some parts are still in productive land (rice fields) and some are residential; 2) Office and residential allotments (local regulation 26/2013); 3) It has irregular form sites and it requires symmetrical site improvement for city parks.

8 Jl. Gandamayu Mengwitani village plantation and empty land 3.77 Ha

Fig. 7. Analysis result on site 8

Development potency:

  • 1)    Flat topography site condition (0-5%). It requires no cut and fill. The land is ready to develop; it only needs to form the soil surface; 2) It is not productive land (rice field and productive plantation); 3) It is not in the disaster-prone areas (flood, earthquake, and landslide); 4) Near to the residential center and activity center; 5) Sales Value of Taxable Object Rp. 1.722.000/m2 (land acquisition estimation is 33 billion).

Development issue:

1) The total area is sufficient (3,77 Ha); however, there is plenty of development around it; 2) Environmental road class. Limited access for 2-4 wheeled vehicles, and it is not public accessibility; 3) There are no public/city services within a 500m radius; 4) The total number of population that can be served <15.000 inhabitants; 5) It has irregular form sites, and it requires symmetrical site improvement for city parks. Located in the middle of the residences.

13 Jl. Raya Denpasar Gilimanuk     Kapal ward sport field    1.43 Ha

Fig. 8. Analysis result on site 13

Development potency:

1) Flat topography site condition (0-5%). It requires no cut and fill. The land is ready to develop; it only needs to form the soil surface; 2) It is not productive land (rice field and productive plantation); 3) It is not in the disaster-prone areas (flood, earthquake, and landslide); 4) Near to the residential center and activity center; 5) Sales Value of Taxable Object Rp. 537.000/m2 (land acquisition estimation is 7,6 billion).

Development issue:

1) The total area is sufficient (1,43 Ha); however, there is plenty of development around the site; 2) Located behind the Kapal Hall. Environmental road class. Limited access for 2-4 wheeled vehicles, and it is not public accessibility; 3) The existing site is a sports field, and it is located in the middle of residences; 4) Substantially, it will add a new GOS for KP Mangupura. It is a PSF allotment for sports facilities.

14 Jl. Danau Toba    Mengwi ward sport facilities     1.43 Ha

Fig. 9. Analysis result on site 14

Development potency:

1) Flat topography site condition (0-5%). It requires no cut and fill. The land is ready to develop. It only needs to form the soil surface; 2) It is not productive land (rice field and productive plantation); 3) Space allotment according to RTRW (GOS-1; 4) It is not in the disaster-prone areas (flood, earthquake, and landslide); 5) Near to the residential center and activity center; 6) Sales Value of Taxable Object Rp.6.805.000/m2 (land acquisition estimation is 20 billion).

Development issue:

1) The total area is sufficient (1,43 Ha). The existing land is PSF (sport building), and it requires a GOS extension.; 2) Collector road accessibility, it can be passed by 2/4 wheeled vehicles; 3) For land extension is still having an issue of status confirmation as a sustainability agricultural land.

16 Jl. Ayodya (in front of the Mengwi ward shrubs 3.0 Ha Taman Ayun)

Fig. 10. Analysis result on site 16

Development potency:

1) Flat topography site condition (0-5%). It requires no cut and fill. The land is ready to develop. It only needs to form the soil surface; 2) It is not productive land (rice field and productive plantation); 3) It is not in the disaster-prone areas (flood, earthquake, and landslide); 4) Near the residential center and activity center (Taman Ayun).

Development issue:

1) The total area is sufficient (3,00 Ha); however, there is plenty of development around the site; 2) Collector road accessibility, it can be limited to 2/4 wheeled vehicles; 3) The total number of population that can be served <15.000 inhabitants; 4) It has irregular form sites, and it requires symmetrical site improvement for city parks. Located in the middle of the residences.

X. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The AHP method used to gain the sequence from several alternative compatibilities to GOS site criteria as a city park. The sites alternative by AHP scoring has been

complete by 9 (nine) criteria such as total area, a land that is already developed; it is non-productive land, it is not in the disaster-prone area, near to the residential center or activity center, ease of accessibility, sites requirement based on the total population, city service, and land prices. The information on the criteria is shown in the table below:

TABLE V

GOS providing criterias as a City Park in Badung Regency.

No      Criteria                       Information

1

Total area

The Green City Development Program (GCDP) guideline from Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing stated that the GOS providing with 1 Ha minimum and >1 for the better.

2

Developed land

No land dredging necessary or sandfill except for soil surface forming (clean and clear).

3

Non-productive land

It is non-productive land such as rice fields, plantation, etc. The higher the productivity it means the worse it can be and vice versa.

4

Not in the disaster-prone area

the higher the number of the disaster occurred it means the lower the price of the land.

5 Near the

within 500 m radius.

residential ot activity center

6 Ease of           Public transportation and 2/4 wheeled

accessibility       vehicles are easily passed..

7 Site requirement The higher the number of the population the based on the       better.

total population

TABLE VI

Criteria according to the opinion of the experts..

Priority criteria

Supporting criteria

Expert 1 (IAP)

  • -    located not in the disaster-prone area

  • -    non-productive area

  • -    ease of accessibility

  • -    near to the residential or activity center

  • -    City services

  • -    total area

  • -    developed land

  • -    site requirements based on the total population

  • -    land prices

Expert 2 (IAI)

  • -    located not in the disaster-prone area

  • -    non-productive area

  • -    developed land

  • -    ease of accessibility

  • -    near to the residential or activity center and city services

  • -    site requirements based on the total population

  • -    total area and land prices

Expert 3 (PWK UNHI)

  • -    located not in the disaster-prone area

  • -    non-productive area

  • -    ease of accessibility

  • -    developed land

  • -    near to the residential or activity

  • -    total area

  • -    site requirements based on the total population

  • -    city services

center and city services

Expert 4 (ARSITE

KTUR UNUD)

  • -    located not in the disaster-prone area

  • -    non-productive area

  • -    developed land

  • -    ease of accessibility

  • -    near to the residential or activity center and city services

  • -    total area, site requirements based on the total population, and city services

  • -    city prices

Expert 5 (PUPR)

  • -    developed land

  • -    ease of accessibility

  • -    near to the residential or activity center

  • -    city services

  • -    site requirements based on the total population

- land prices

- non-productive

area

Expert 6 (DLHK)

  • -    located not in the disaster-prone area

  • -    total area and site requirements based on the total population

  • -    ease of accessibility and city services

  • -    near to the residential or activity center and city services

  • -    non-productive area and developed land

  • -    land prices

TABLE VII

Tabulation result of the experts to the alternative sites

a

o

1—1

ft

X

W

N

C.

W

<w C.

W

<w C.

W

*n

^

W

⅛o

C. x

W

S

S

O w

0.0924

0.09

0.0941

0.0911

0.1033

0.12

0.07781

1

0.057

0.06

0.0595

0.0621

0.0661

0.07

0.07694

2

0.0837

0.08

0.0804

0.0768

0.0855

0.06

0.07468

3

O QO

0.0678

0.07

0.0691

0.0693

0.0697

0.06

0.07243

0.0708

0.06

0.0657

0.0657

0.0915

0.06

0.05852

j 3

0.049

0.05

0.0491

0.0513

0.0429

0.04

0.05305

j s

0.063

0.06

0.0633

0.0635

0.0503

0.05

0.05895

According to the arranged criteria above, the questionnaire is distributed to six experts to define the priority criteria and supporting criteria in defining the

alternative sites of Mangupura city park. The experts are consist of 2 practitioner experts (the Association of Certified Planners), two experts from academics (Urban and Regional Planners, Hindu University of Indonesia, and Architecture of Udayana University), and two experts from (Service Office of Environment and Forestry and Service Office of Public Works and Spatial Planning).

Based on those criteria, next, the alternative site condition is identified according to them. The identification will be helped by the primary data of field existing conditions and secondary data. The result is shown in this table below.

The practitioner experts are evenly stated in the priority criteria such as; Not in the disaster-prone area, nonproductive area, ease of accessibility, near the residential or activity center, and city services. The supporting criteria, such as site requirements based on the total population and total land area and also land prices.

The academic experts are evenly stated in the priority criteria such as; Not in the disaster-prone area, nonproductive area, ease of accessibility, near the residential or activity center, and developed land. The supporting criteria include total land area & site requirement based on the total population & city services; and land price criteria.

The government service experts stated the different priority criteria from the practitioners and the academics, such as ease of accessibility, city services, proximity to the residential or activity center, site requirement based on the total population, and developed land. The supporting criteria such as near to the residential or activity center; developed land & non-productive land and land prices.

The characteristics of alternative sites, the weighting is conducted to the experts with the value interval 1,3,5,7,9. The result is arranged as follows.

TABLE VIII

The site weighting calculation by AHP approach

The site weighting calculation by AHP approach

S 'S

O

1

O

1

1

Q 5

O

&

2 f

22

S -S S S

H 2

&

§ i

^

2 S

O

O

'C

0.29

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.07

0.12

0.10

0.09

0.29

U O

U O

0.15

0.07

0.03

0.07

0.07

0.04

0.04

0.09

0.15

0.04

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.07

0.12

0.04

00.9

0.04

U O

O O

0.03

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.07

0.04

0.10

0.09

0.03

U O

0.01

0.07

0.03

0.07

0.07

0.12

0.10

0.09

0.01

U O

0.01

0.03

0.03

0.07

0.07

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.01

U O

0.01

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.07

0.04

0.10

0.03

0.01

The site weight calculation recalculated to find the eigenvector, and it ranked according to the experts to find the most suitable alternative site. The result of the calculation is shown in the table below.

The previous location is analyzed by the AHP method and then re-tabulated using the same criteria using the SPSS application. Those criteria weighted with the intervals 0,1, and 2. Next, the tabulation result is analyzed using the descriptive statistics analysis method. The result is shown in table VIII.

The descriptive statistics analysis is sequenced its rank by considering the average value from weighting tabulation. The result of the sequences resulted in the ranks in table IX.

TABLE IX

Site weighting according to the criteria parameter with SPSS

Parameter

Criteria

U O

U O

U O

U O

U O

U O

U O

total land area

<1Ha 1-3

>3Ha

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

ready to develop land (clean and clear) no need to land dredging or sandfill except for soil surface forming

ready to develop soil surface forming dredging/sandfill /illegal residential

2

2

2

2

0

0

2

it is not a productive land such as rice fields or plantations

high productive medium productive non productive

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

it is not located in

high

the disaster-prone area, there will be no flood or landslide

medium low

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

near to the residential or activity center

>1km 500m-1km 0-500m

easy to reach with easy accessibility

cannot be passed by vehicles can be passed by 2-4 wheeled vehicles public transportations

2

1

2

1

2

1

1

site requirement based on the total population

high >20.000

medium 15.000

20.000

low <15.000

2

1

0

2

2

0

2

city service

it has >1 public service

it has 1 public service

it has no public service

1

1

1

1

1

0

0


Ideals Normals Raw 1.000000 0.108001 0.0540001 0.606714 0.065525 0.032763 0.790843 0.085411 0.042706

0.623056 0.067290 0.033645


Rank

Location

N

Mean Rank

Total

Scoring

Location 1

8

73.94

Location 3

8

69.44

Location 6

8

61.63

Location 8

8

68.19

Location 13

8

62.44

Location 14

8

40.25

Location 16

8

58.88

Total

56


0.838817

0.376755 0.M0690 0.020345

0.465035 0.050224 0.025112

Lokjsi 14

Lokjsi 16

Fig. 12. Location analysis using Superdecisions method


0.090593 0.045296


Fig. 11. The analysis result of determining factor with SPSS


From the result, the highest rank is location 1, and then location 3, and location 8.

Super decisions analysis used to analyze the location of Mangupura city park with the same data sequence as AHP analysis. This result is shown in table 5.12. Using the super decisions application, the most often appear location as the alternative site of Mangupura city park is 1) Location 1; 2) Location 13; 3) Location 6 for the most potential site.


XI. Analysis result and Conclusion

According to the analysis that conducted, it concluded that the alternative site analysis of Mangupura city park is as follows: 1) Based on the centrality index analysis and the area service range (isoline): the alternative sites of Mangupura city park are Location 1, Location 3, and Location 6, Location 8, Location 13, Location 14, and Location 16; 2) Based on the analysis result by scoring/weighting methods, it obtained 3 (three) alternative sites for Mangupura city park development, they are Location 1, Location 3, and Location 6; 3) Based on the factor analysis by SPSS, it obtained 3 (three) sequence locations: location 1, location 3, and location 8; 4) Based on the calculation result using Super Decision software (decision maker), it obtained three alternative sites: Location 1, location 6, and location 13.

From several analysis processes and weighting conducted to find the best alternative, it came up that location 1 is recommended for an open space site as Mangupura City Park. Supported by the data, it concluded that location 1 is the best.


TABLE X

The analysis results by applying several methods.

No Site Analysis Method Result               Location


1      centrality analysis


index and isoline


loc1,loc3 and loc6, loc13,l loc14 and

Ward: Sempidi, Abianbase, Kapal,

loc16

Mengwi, and Mengwitani

2

scoring method/AHP weighting

loc1, loc3 and loc6

Sempidi ward and Abianbase ward

3

SPSS factor analysis

loc1, loc3 and loc8

Sempidi ward, Mengwitani village and

Sempidi ward

4

Super decision

loc1, loc6 and loc13

Sempidi ward and

Lukluk ward

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