Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics, p-ISSN: 2549–8304 e-ISSN: 2622–0393

20

Instruments and Data Logger for Measuring Electrical Parameters: Indonesian Market Review and Research Direction

A. S. Wibawa1, I. N. S. Kumara2, and I. W. Sukerayasa3

  • 1,2,3Department Electrical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering at Udayana University

Bukit Jimbaran, Bali Indonesia 80361

satya.kumara@unud.ac.id

Abstract Electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power, energy, frequency, and power factor are parameters needed in the operation of an electrical system and machinery. The measurement results provide an overview of the system performance and indicator of abnormal or faulty operations. Nowadays, the electrical parameter instruments grow rapidly with a wide range of features and capability, started from analog instruments to digital measurement with data logging features. This paper reviews the availability of electrical parameter instruments and data logger systems in Indonesia. The review includes technical specifications of instruments, manufacturers, vendors, and data logging features. The data were obtained from vendor publications, manufacturers, scientific publications, and e-commerce websites in Indonesia. The information regarding the availability of the instruments and data logger systems will provide a quick reference in choosing instruments for a certain application to suit the purpose of the measurement and also the cost of the device. Moreover, the information also can provide benchmarks for research and development of low-cost multichannel data logging systems with additional features such as remotely accessible through the implementation of the internet of things.

Index Terms— Measuring instruments, electrical parameters, data logger, monitoring, voltage, current, power, energy, IOT

  • i.    Introduction1

Electrical energy plays an important role in the life of modern society. Ineffective and inefficient use of electricity can decrease non-renewable energy sources that are used in electricity generation. In utilizing electrical energy it is necessary to measure various electrical parameters in order to be able to maintain the quality of electric power itself. There are common electrical parameters, such as voltage, current, power, frequency, power factor, etc. Measuring the value of the electricity parameter is crucial to evaluate the performance of an electric machine or electronic system. Other than that, electricity parameters become an indicator of electrical system operation or disruptions [1]. Monitoring the electrical parameter is the most important thing to do in order to support the accuracy and speed of decision making when a problem occurs. The results of monitoring are present an overview of the electric power system performance.

Nowadays, the electrical parameter measurement instruments that have been developed have various types, started from the results of analog data using needles and readings using scales to digital readings. Even in one measuring instrument is capable of measuring various electrical parameters both AC and DC, such as AC and

Corresponding author I. N. S. Kumara – satya.kumara@unud.ac.id

DC voltage, AC and DC current, and the resistance or the instrument is known as a multimeter.

There are two measuring systems; they are analog systems, and digital systems. Electrical parameter measuring instruments with analog systems are used many interconnected mechanical components [2]. The most important part of an analog system is the electrical part which consisting of permanent magnets, resistors, swivel coils, while the mechanical part consists of a needle, scale, and needle regulating screw [2]. Meanwhile, the digital systems have analog data to measured but also have an analog to digital conversion (ADC) to convert analog input signals into digital that is processed with a microcontroller or microprocessor.

Measuring instrument must have several criteria, including the accuracy which is the proximity of the reading of the measuring instrument to the actual value, the precision that means the measurement results or degrees to distinguish one measurement from the other, sensitivity which means the ratio of the output signal or the response of the measuring instrument to changes input or measured variable. Then there is the resolution which is the smallest change from the measurement value that can be responded by the measuring instrument, as well as the error which is the number of deviations from the true value of the measured variable [2].

The development of measuring parameters lately has been equipped with data recording devices or data

loggers. The data logger is an electronic device that can do data recording and data storage automatically from time to time both integrated with sensors and instruments inside as well as external sensors and instruments [3]. Electrical parameter measuring instruments equipped with data loggers is more expensive than measuring instruments without data loggers. The instruments that are equipped with a data logger can reach prices up to a hundred million rupiah depends on input channels number of instruments.

This paper will review the existence of electrical parameter measurement instruments and data logger systems in Indonesia. The aspects of the review include technical specifications, standardization/ certification/ labels, vendors, and manufacturers of data logger tools and systems. The data were obtained from vendor publications, manufacturers, scientific publications, certification/ standardization institutions, and ecommerce websites in Indonesia. Hopefully, the information on the existence of electrical parameter measurement instruments and data logger systems will help people to get quick access to references in choosing instruments for application purposes, and also it can be used as basic development research of low-cost multichannel data logging systems.

  • II.    Standard/Labeling Electronic Equipment

Electrical units of the measurement system are used to express standard electrical units in order to make people easy to understand. There are two unit systems that can be used; they are the international system (SI) and the imperial system (Britain) that applies in Europe [4]. Since the 1960s the international unit system (SI) has been used as an international standard unit [2]. The SI unit contains a list of quantities and symbols that are used in the fields of electricity and magnetism worldwide.

TABLE I

Electrical Parameters and Unit SI

Parameters

Unit

Symbol

Current (I)

Amper

A

Voltage (V)

Volt

V

Electromotive force (c)

Volt

V

Resistance (R)

ohm

Ω

Electric Charger (Q)

coulomb

C

Capacitance (C)

Farad

F

Electric Power (P)

Watt

W

Frequency (F)

Herts

Hz

Conductance (G)

Siemens

S

Magnetic Flux (Φ)

Weber

Wb

Flux Density (B)

Tesla

T

Inductance (L)

Henry

H

Energy (E)

Joule

J

The certification of electronic products is used to guarantee the quality of the product is qualified in international standards, ensure user safety, and it has legal requirements in the countries where the product is being produced.

The standard various types that were adapted by the country where the product got its copyright. For electronic equipment, the certification products that are commonly used called CE, FCC, RoHS, UL, and WEEE.

FCC and UL are certifications used in the United States and the rest are used in Europe.

  • A.    Conformité Européenne (CE)

The CE label is used to guarantee the health and safety of the users of products manufactured or sold in the European Economic Area (EEA) [36]. This EEP region includes 28 European Union (EU) countries, Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, Turkey, and Switzerland. This CE label must conform to EU regulations for electronic goods [37]

Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC) is an instruction to fulfill permitted electromagnetic emission levels. EMC regulates product durability in resisting electromagnetic emissions.

Low Voltage Directive (LVD) is a provision to ensure all products that use voltage levels from 50 to 1000 VAC or 75 to 1500 VDC must guarantee safety when it used.

Radio Equipment Directive (RED) is a provision that regulates if the product is manufactured using wireless transmitters or communication equipment that uses radio waves. This is including setting frequency allocations and EMC standards.

  • B.    Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)

RoHS is a directive that limits 10 hazardous materials in electronic and electrical products. RoHS prohibits the circulation of electronic devices that have heavy metal concentrations [38].

TABLE II

Standard Concentration of Hazardous Material RoHS

No

Hazardous Material

Concentration

ppm

%

1

Lead (Pb)

< 1000

0,1

2

Mercury (Hg)

< 1000

0,1

3

Cadamium (Cd)

< 100

0,001

4

Hexavalent Chromium (CrVI)

< 1000

0,1

5

Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB)

< 1000

0,1

6

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE)

< 1000

0,1

7

Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)

< 1000

0,1

8

Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)

< 1000

0,1

9

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)

< 1000

0,1

10

Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)

< 1000

0,1

  • C.    Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

WEEE is an instruction that regulates electronic and electrical manufacturers to develop products that can be recycled and have little electronic waste [37].

D.Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

UL standards are issued by Underwriters Laboratories. This standard is not obligatory like CE but will help to ensure that products launched are safe to use. This standard is used to assess component, material, system and performance tests that focus on safety standards and are certified Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) [37].

  • E.    Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

FCC is a standard required for all products that emit electromagnetic or radio frequency (RF) signals in the frequency range of 9 kHz or more. This standard serves to minimize the potential for equipment that emits radio frequencies to interfere with other devices [37].

  • F.    Indonesian National Standard (SNI)

SNI is the only standard that applies nationally in Indonesia. SNI is determined and formulated by a technical committee established by the National Standardization Agency (BSN) [39]. There are around 400 SNIs related to electricity and electronics that have been issued by BSN [40]. Some SNI is related to data logger measurement tools can be shown in Table 3.

TABLE III

Indonesian Standards for Electrical Measurements

No

Standards

Scope

1

SNI IEC 610004-6:2014

Testing and measurement techniques -Immunity to conduction disturbances induced by radiofrequency fields (IEC 61000-4-6 ed 3.0: 2008, IDT)

2

SNI IEC 610004-3:2014

Testing and measurement techniques -Electromagnetic field immunity test, radiated radio frequency (IEC 61000-4-3 ed 3.2 Consolidation with am1 & 2; 2010, IDT)

3

SNI IEC 60051

1:2009

Direct measuring analog electrical measuring instruments and accessories - Part 1: General definitions and requirements along with all parts.

4

SNI 046267.302-2001

Electrical engineering terminology - Chapter 302: Electrical measuring instruments.

5

SNI 046267.303-2002

Electrical engineering terminology Chapter: 303 Electronic measuring instruments.

6

SNI IEC 61786:2011

Measurement of instrument fields and low-frequency electricity exposed to humans. Specific requirements for instruments and measurement guidelines.

7

SNI IEC 60051

3 : 2009

Direct instructions for analog electrical measuring equipment and accessories - Part 3: special requirements for watt meters and varmeters.

8

SNI IEC 6205621:2009

Data exchange for meter reading, load control and tariffs Section 21: Direct local data exchange.

9

SNI 04-6530

2001

Measurement of the power frequency electric field

10

SNI 04-3875

1995

Special requirements for ohmmeters (Impedance Meters) and Analog Pointing conductance Meters and their Accessories.


G.Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM)

RCM is a label for importers and manufacturers from Australia and New Zealand. This RCM follows the standards derived from, Electrical Equipment Safety System (EESS), Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC), Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and Australian telecommunications requirements [41].

  • H.    Technischer Überwachungsverein (TÜV Rheinland)

TÜV Rheinland is a certification of safety and quality standards of low voltage equipment, and an electric power distribution system equipment. TÜV Rheinland has several national certification bodies throughout the world and testing laboratories including TÜV Rheinland Inter Cert Hungary, a national member body in the IECEE CB scheme that is recognized worldwide [42].

TABLE IV

Standard or Labeling for Electronic Equipment

Conformité Européenne (CE)






BoHS.





Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

Federal

Communications Commission (FCC)

Underwriters

Laboratories (UL)


Indonesian National Standard (SNI)


Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM)


Technischer Überwachungsverein (TÜV Rheinland)

  • III.    Material And Methods

The data that is used were technical specifications, manufacturers, vendors, standardization/labels and data logger systems. Data were obtained from technical datasheet publications from manufacturers, information from vendors, certification bodies in the country and internationally, scientific publications, and e-commerce websites in Indonesia.

Data processing were begun by gathering all information about the specifications and technical data of electrical parameter measurement instruments and data logger systems that sold in the national market, then the data were grouped into two categories, they are electrical parameter measurement instruments with a data logger system and without a data logger system. Data that has been grouped were sorted again from the lowest to the most expensive prices and then an analysis of what factors affect the price difference between the items in the same group was carried out. The results of this analysis were expected to be one of the quick references for people or agencies who need it and to be the basis for research into the development of low-cost multichannel data logging systems. Figure 1 is a general schematic of the research methodology.

  • IV.    Results And Discussion

  • A. Electrical Parameters Measurement

An electrical measuring instrument was a device used to measure electrical quantities. There are various types of electrical measuring instruments that have been circulating in the market which had different specifications. In Table 5 the electrical measuring instruments were described which can be used to measure electrical parameters but those instruments were not equipped with a data logger system yet.

Those instruments were used to monitor electrical parameters, most of them had a compact size so they were easy to carry everywhere. They also were equipped with a power supply with a battery so it made easier to use. The electrical parameter measurement instruments that were not equipped with a data logger system was cheaper than the instruments with data logger system.

Fig. 1. General schematic research

At the time of this research, the exchange rate of USD to Indonesian Rupiah was 1 USD, equivalent to Rp. 13,986.

TABLE V

Electrical Parameters Measurement Instrument

No

Name of Measuring In strum ent

Specification

1

Product

Dedc-Robot BL-02

  • •    Current: 0-5A

  • •    Voltage: DC 0-50 V

  • -    Power: 0-250W

  • • T emρerature: -10-60 C

  • ■ accuracy +1%

" Dimension : 79.5* 43 * 3mm

Description

Digital Voltage

Currait Power Meter

Certification

—

Price (Rp)

77.000

2

Product

KWE-PMDI-EU

  • •    Voltage : 230V-250V AC

  • ■    Current: max 16A

  • -    Power: 0W-3680W

  • •    Frequency: 50 Hz

  • -    Can display values kWh used

  • -    Dimension :5.5 x 7.0 x 3.5 cm

Description

Power Analyzer DigitalWatt Voltage Ampere Meter

Certification

CEi WEEE

Price (Rp)

135.000

Based on Table 5. It can be seen that the price of measuring instrument varies from Rp 77.000 to Rp 10.500.000 depends on several factors, such as the range or limit of measurement of electrical parameters that can be measured by the device, the type of electrical parameters that can be measured, the type of AC / DC system measured, the ability of the device to be interconnected wirelessly, the display of information that can be displayed on the display LCD. Some instruments in table 2 that were not equipped with a label from the country where the equipment was being produced were TCXRE AC 80-300 V, JUNTEK DC VAT-1100, DeekRobot BL-02.

TABLE V Continued

Electrical Parameters Measurement Instrument

No

Name OfMeasuring Instrument

Sp e cifιcation

3

Product

PZEM-051 IOOV IOOA

  • •    Voltage : 6.5-100V

* Current: 0-100A ∙ Accuracy 1%

  • •    Power: O-IOkW

  • •    Energy: 0-9999kWh

* Dimension: 89.6 x 49.6x 24.4mm

Description

DC 4 in 1 Volt. Amper. Watt. Energy meter

Certification

CEi FCCi WEEE

Price (Rp)

200.000

4

Product

JPN

* Dimension : 8.4 x 5 x 2 cm

  • •    Voltage: 0-60V ∙ Current: 0-100A

* Power: 0-6554 W

  • ♦    Battery' capacity:0-65Ah

  • •    Energy: 0-6554 Wh

Description

DC Watt Ampere Volt

Certification

CE

Price (Rp)

230.000

5

Product

GT Power 15 OA

  • •    Power : 0-20 000W

  • *    Impedance : 0-1000Ω

  • •    Voltage : 0-200V ∙ Current : 0-100A

  • •    Energy : 0-9999kWh

* Battery capacity: 0-1000 Ah

  • •    Dimension : 50 x84 x20 mm

Description

High Precision Power Analyzer & Watt

Certification

FCCi CEiWEEE

Price (Rp)

235.000

6

Product

PZEM-013

  • -    Power: 0-2000OW

  • •    Impedance : 0-1000Ω

  • •    Voltage: 0-200 V

  • •    Current : 0-100A

  • •    Energy : 0-9999kWh

  • •    Battery capacity: 0-1000 Ah

  • *    Dimensi :50 x 8 x 20 mm

Description

Digital Current.

Voltage. SolarPower Met er Multim et er

Certification

CEi FCCi WEEE

Price (Rp)

282.550

7

Product

TCXRE AC 80-300 V

  • •    AC Measurement 50 Hz

  • •    Voltage : 80-300V ∙ Accuracyl %

•Current: 0-100 A

  • •    Power : 0-30000 W

  • •    Energy : 0-99999 kWh

  • •    Dimensi: .8 x 4.2 x 4.6 cm

Description

LCD IOOA VoltWatt

Power Meter Amper

Meter Volt Meter

Certification

—

Price (Rp)

318.000

8

Product

Juntekdc VAT-HOO

  • •    Voltage: 0.01-100V

  • •    Current: 0.1-100A

  • •    Temperature -20oC-120oC

  • •    Energy: 0-400OKWH

  • •    WirelessChannel Setting A-Z(26 channels) ∙ Power: 0-20OKW

  • •    Display: 1.8" TFT LCDDisplay

  • •    Wireless: up to 10 meters

  • •    Dimension : 98 * 54 * 21mm

Description

WirelessDigital Bidirectional Power Meter Ammeter Voltmeter Capacity Coulomb Count er

Certification

—

Price (Rp)

517.000

9

Product

Ky oritsu 2117R

  • •    Measurement Method True RMS

  • •    AC/ DC Cunent 6 0/600/100OA

  • •    ACZDC Voltage 6/60/600V

  • •    Resistance 600.0/6.000/60.00/6 00.0 k ohm ∙ Cable Max 33mm

  • •    Equipp ed with Buzzer

Description

Digital Clamp Meter 1000A AC/DC

Certification

CEi RoHS

Price (Rp)

825.000

10

Product

Fluke 179 True-RMS

  • •    Voltage DC/AC : Max 1000 V

  • •    Current AC/DC : 10 A

  • •    Resistance : 50 MΩ

  • •    Capasitance : 10.000 μF

  • •    Frequency : Maxl 00 kHz

  • •    Temperature :-400C up to4000C

Description

Digital Multimeter

Certification

CEi CSAi WEEEi RCMi TUViVDE

Price (Rp)

4.150.000

∏

Product

Fluke 381

  • •    Current DC/AC: max 1000A

  • •    Voltage AC/DC :600V/l 000V

  • •    Frequency : 5.0 - 500 V

  • •    Resistance : 600Ω-60 kΩ

  • •    Thedisplay can connected to the measuring device wirelessly.

Description

Remote Display T rue-rms ACZDC Clamp Meter with iFlex™

Certification

CEi CSAiWEEEi RCM

Price (Rp)

10.500.000

  • V.    Instruments With Data Logger

Data loggers had been widely used not only in the electronic field but in all systems related to technology [5]. the data logger was an electronic device that can collect and record data automatically from time to time. Parameter measurement equipment that was equipped with a data logger system was widely used in monitoring power systems, both used in substations, and power generation systems that utilize renewable energy, as well

as in industry. With this data logger, it made the user easier monitoring the system, so it would be easier to get a picture of an electrical or electronic system condition.

Many of these tools were equipped with systems that can connect to the internet, so that simplify users to access their data remotely. Some measuring instruments that used data loggers were also equipped with a solidstate drive (SSD) memory, so that the access to data storage, reading data from memory can be more quickly and safely.

TABLE VI

Instruments With Data Logger

No

Name of Measuring Instrument

Specification

1

Product

Hantek 365F

  • •    Data logger single channel

  • •    Measurement type True RMS

  • •    Data logger current, voltage, resistance, capacitance

  • •    That can produce a trend in real-time.

  • •    That can be interconnected with iPad, Android, dan send the data via Bluetooth

  • •    Voltage DC 60mV - 800V, Voltage AC: 60mV - 600V

  • •    Current DC: 60mA - 10A, Current AC: 60mA - 10A

  • •    Resistance: 600 - 60MΩ • Capacitance: 40nF -400F • Temperature: 0-10000C

Description

USB digital data logger recorder multimeter voltage and current

Certification

CE, WEEE

Price (Rp)

2.218.000

2

Product

DL150 EXTECH EX0000266

Inc. PPN

  • •    Single Channel

  • •    Measurement type True RMS

  • •    Voltage: 10 V to 600 V

  • •    Current: 10 A to 200 A

  • •    Data save in software PC with USB and format spreadsheet

  • •    LCD Display

Description

AC Voltage and Current Data Logger

Certification

CE

Price (Rp)

5.141.000

3

Product

Hioki LR5043-20

  • •    Single-channel • DC Measurement

  • •    Max Voltage 50 V • LCD display

  • •    It can still record data even if the battery is removed in 30 seconds.

  • •    Waterproof and dustproof (IP 54)

  • •    There is a system back up data when the error/ low batteries happen

Description

Single Channel Voltage Logger

Certification

CE, WEEE

Price (Rp)

6.995.000

4

Product

Onset EG4115 Core

  • •    15 channel

  • •    Using SSD memory

  • •    Voltage AC 0- 277 V RMS AC

  • •    Current: max 6900 A

  • •    A web server that allows users to connect to the interface via the internet

  • •    Data logger that stores parameters V, A, W, Wh, Hz, VA, VAr, THD, deg.t

Description

15 Input Meter Data Logger

Certification

CE, UL, FCC

Price (Rp)

13.335.000

5

Product

Extech 380803

  • •    True RMS, 1 phase

  • •    This using to analyze AC/DC load

  • •    Data logger that can save 1,012 data

  • •    Data that can be measured are Active Power (W), Power factor, apparent power (VA), Voltage, Frequency, Current

  • •    Voltage 200 V/750V. • Current 2/20A from terminal and 2/15A from a socket

  • •    Power 200/2000W • Power factor 0.5-1,0 • Accuracy ±0,5%

Description

True RMS Power

Analyzer/Appliance Tester and Datalogger

Certification

UL, CE

Price (Rp)

15.500.000

6

Product

Onset T-VER-E50B2

  • •    True RMS, one or three-phase AC

  • •    Measurement of AC voltage, battery capacity (Ah), Current (A), kilowatt-hours (kWh), kilo watts (kW), Power Factor (PF), Reactive Volt-Amp, Volt-Reactive Amp Hours, VoltAmps (VA), Volts (V), Watt Hours (Wh) and Watts (W)

  • •    Current: 5 - 32000 A

  • •    UL Maximums: 600VL-L (347VL-N) • CE Maximums: 300VL-N (520V L-L)

Description

Electric Power Data logger

Certification

UL, CE, RoHS

Price (Rp)

15.655.000

7

Product

Graphtec GL240

  • •    10 analog channels, 4 digital channels • 4 alarm outputs

  • •    4GB Internal memory, SDHC card slot (max 32GB) 2 slot

  • •    data saved to CSV format dan GBD Binary

  • •    Interconnection with a Web server to remote monitoring, and send data to e-mail

  • •    Voltage 20mV - 100 V • Current 4-20 mA • Thermocouple measurement K,J,E,T,R,S,B,N,W.

Description

10 analog channels

Certification

CE

Price (Rp)

22.907.500

No

Instruments

Specification

8

Product

Lutron DW-6095

  • •    True RMS

  • •    Parameter AC, Power Factor, Harmonic, Crest Factor, Apparent, Reactive Power, THD

  • •    Voltage 600V • Current : 1200 A

  • •    Real-time logger 2s to 7200s

  • •    Data transient like dip, swell dan outage • Power system analyser

  • •    Show waveform, harmonics, Total Harmonic Distortion, phase diagram

  • •    save the data in SD card to EXCEL software to analyze

Description

Power analyzer real-time data logger

Certification

CE

Price (Rp)

30.000.000

9

Product

AEMC DL-1080

  • •    8-16 channel data logger

  • •    able to measurement Thermocouple, Pt100, Pt1000, voltage, and current DC

  • •    Using SD card to save the data up to 16 GB

  • •    Voltage : 20mV, 50mV, 60mV, -20 to +20mV, 0 to 5V, 0 to 10V

  • •    Current: 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mA

  • •    Thermocouples J, K, T, E, N, R, S & B

  • •    RTD100 (PT100) & RTD1000 (PT1000)

Description

Data Logger

Certification

CE

Price (Rp)

40.500.000

10

Product

Hioki PW 3365-20

  • •    3 channel Voltage and 3 channel Current (Multichannel)

  • •    Measurement method True RMS

  • •    AC 3 phase, • Voltage : 90 V- 520V, • Power : 200W – 6.0000 MW

  • •    save data to SD card, LAN dan USB

  • •    Current : 5A-500A

  • •    Data storage time is 1/2/5/10/15/30 seconds and 1/2/5/10/30/60 minutes

Description

Clamp Power Logger

Certification

CE

Price (Rp)

41.300.000

11

Product

Fluke 2638A/05 120

  • •    Measurement method True RMS

  • •    22 channels; 8 digital I/O dan 6 alarm outputs (TTL)

  • •    Measurement of ac V, dc V, ac I, dc I, Thermocouple, PRT (2, 3, 4 w), thermistor, resistance (2-4 w) • Support using USB flash drive

  • •    Voltage : max 300 V • Resistance : 100 Ω to 100 MΩ

  • •    J dan k Thermocouple: -200°C to 1,000°C, • K Thermocouple: -200°C to 1,000°C

  • •    RTD (PT100) : -200°C, • T Thermocouple : -270°C to 400°C

Description

22 Channel hydra series III data loggers

Certification

CE, CSA, WEEE

Price (Rp)

61.000.000

12

Product

Fluke 3540 FC

  • •    Multi Channel, • Voltage: Max 1000 V RMS

  • •    Current: Max 6000A

  • •    Data can be access with Wi-fi • Uploading data to cloud and mobile fluke application

  • •    1 or 3 phase

  • •    Measure Voltage, current, frequency, power factor, active power, and reactive power

  • •    Total harmonic distortion (THD) • Show trends graphic and fluctuations

Description

Three-Phase Power Monitor and Condition Monitoring Kit

Certification

CE, CSA, WEEE

Price (Rp)

74.500.000

13

Product

FLUKE 1735

  • •    3 phase power system

  • •    Voltage Wye: 57 V - 480 V AC RMS

  • •    Voltage Delta: 100 V - 830 V AC RMS

  • •    Current: 15 A/150 A/3000 A RMS

  • •    Recording active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, and harmonic distortion. (kWh, kVAh, kVARh)

Description

Three-Phase Power Logger

Certification

CE, CSA, WEEE

Price (Rp)

85.000.000

14

Product

Hioki LR8400-93

  • •    30 channel data loggers

  • •    Can be combined with Matlab • Measurement of solar module parameters

  • •    Current 2000 A RMS AC/DC with a clamp-on current sensor.

  • •    Voltage 1 V f. s, 1,000 V rms

  • •    Measurement of Insolation, 20 mV f.s., 140 kW / m2

  • •    Temperature measurement mode, K thermocouple 100 ° C f.s., 1 ° C

Description

PV Power Verifier

Certification

CE

Price (Rp)

106.000.000

15

Product

FLUKE 435-II

  • •    Measurement method True RMS • Has a logger function, 1 data storage of max 15MB

  • •    Used to measure AC output power and DC, V RMS, Arms, V peak,

A peak, V Crest Factor, A Crest Factor, Hz, Vrms½, Arms½, Watt, VA, VAR, power factor Cos ϕ / DPF, Inrush current

  • •    Monitoring power quality parameter (Harmonics, Unbalance, Flicker, Transient)

  • •    Voltage: 1000 V rms, • Current: 20 k Arms

  • •    Calculate the lost energy and calculate it in nominal money

Description

Three-Phase Power Quality and Energy Analyzer

Certification

UL, CE, CSA, WEEE

Price (Rp)

174.000.000

16

Product

Hioki MR8827

  • •    32 analogue + 32 logic channels + FFT

  • •    Measurement method True RMS with optional PROBE like 9322

  • •    Monitoring for voltage, current, temperature, vibration, weight, acceleration and rotation.

  • •    Voltage 200-500V optional sensor

  • •    Current 100A – 5000 A depending on the clamp used

  • •    [16 analogue input modules]: 32 analogue channels +32 logic channels

  • •    [14 analogue input modules + 2 logic input modules]: 28 analogue Channels + 64 logic

  • •    Voltage: 5 mV/div to 20 V/div

  • •    Memory (high-speed recording) SSD 128 GB to save 100 MB data

Description

Memory HiCorder 32 Analog channel and 32 logic channel

Certification

CE

Price (Rp)

214.500.000

17

Product

Hioki MR8740

  • •    Multichannel up to 54 channels

  • •    FFT analysis

  • •    Measurement method True RMS with optional PROBE like 9322

  • •    Voltage200 – 500 V optional sensor

  • •    Current: 100 A – 5000 A optional sensor

  • •    High-speed sampling (max. 20 MS/s; with 54-ch type), Saving data using USB 2.0

  • •    Measurement of voltage, current, temperature, frequency, distortion, and control signal(logic).

Description

Multi-Channel Memory HiCorder (54 channel)

Certification

CE

Price (Rp)

770.500.000

Fig. 2. Price comparison and type of data logger system circulating in the domestic market


Based on Table 6 above and the illustration in Figure 2, it can be seen that the price of measuring instruments equipped with this data logger system varies from Rp 2.218.000 to Rp 770.500.000 depends on several factors, such as how many measurement channels were used by the instruments, measuring range of electrical parameters measured, how many types of measurement parameters can be done by the device, whether or not the device can measure power quality and analyze the condition of the power system, whether or not the device gives a warning if the system condition is interrupted either directly through the alarm or through notification in the application, as well as the display of information that can be displayed on the LCD display, the ability of the device to be interconnected with wireless, as well as the type of storage system used, such as SD cards, USB, or SSD, whether or not integrated with a web server, email, etc. The entire measuring instrument that uses a data logger system has been equipped with labeling from the manufacturer to ensure the quality and safety of the instruments.

The more features possessed by a measuring instrument and data logger system, the more expensive the price of the instrument would be. However, in grouping this instrument it was found that there was no relationship between the number of standardization labels and country of origin of those instruments to its price. The different prices of instruments were caused by many features and the number of channels of the measuring instrument. However, if a device has a standardization label that shows more of the instruments’ good quality that would be good because the labeling would guarantee the quality and safety of the instruments that were used.

Some countries strictly regulate the distribution of products in their own countries or imported from other countries through a label/standard, such as the Conformité Européenne (CE) label was applied on products manufactured and sold in European Economic Area (EEA) countries, which includes 28 European Union (EU) countries, Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, Turkey and Switzerland; the Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM) was applied on products marketed in Australia and New Zealand; the Federal Communications

Commission (FCC) was applied on products that marketed in the United States of America (US); the CQC mark was applied on products marketed in China, and the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) was applied on products marketed in Indonesia.

  • VI.    Research Direction

To analyze the performance of an electrical system, for example, PLTS, it required a complete data including energy production data every day, environmental monitoring data, such as wind speed data, wind direction, solar radiation data, environmental temperature data, solar module temperature data [6]. To get all the data to analyze the PLTS performance, we need a measurement instrument for monitoring electrical parameters and a data logger system in order to be able to record all the data that has been read by various sensors.

There were various types and prices of electrical parameter measurement instruments, low-cost instruments were not equipped with a data logger system, while expensive ones were already equipped with a data logger system. Data logger systems that were used multiple input channels (Multichannel) to connect information signals from sensors to processors were very expensive compared to data logger systems that were single channel. One example of the single-channel data logger system was the Hantek 365F USB digital data logger recorder multimeter which has a price of Rp 2.218.000 compared to multichannel data logger systems, such as Hioki MR8740 Multichannel Memory HiCorder (54 channels) this instrument has a price of Rp 770.500.000. The multichannel data logger has a price up to hundreds of millions of rupiah depending on the number of features and channels that available on the instrument.

In designing a data logger system the main component that must be completed was the microcontroller. Microcontroller consists of components, such as memory, peripherals, and processors. This microcontroller will work like a human brain that will regulate all activities performed by the data logger system, such as the task of regulating the work of sensors

and sending data read by these sensors into storage media. Nowadays, many types of microcontrollers had been developed and utilized which can be seen in Table 7.

TABLE VII

Type of Microcontrollers

Name

Manufacturer

Advanced Virtual RISC (AVR), ATmega

Atmel

MSP430x F168

Texas Instrument

8051

Intel

Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC), PIC 18

Micro-chip

AMR microcontroller

Acorn Computers Ltd

In addition to requiring a microcontroller in designing a data logger system also requires a sensor module and other supporting. Like, a temperature sensor module which has functions to temperature measurement, a voltage sensor module which has functions to read the

Current Sensor

Voltage Sensor

Temperature & Humidity Sensor


Voltage Sensor


Voltage Sensor


Voltage Sensor


Voltage Sensor


Fig. 3

In the future, all monitoring systems must be able to be accessed remotely by utilizing the Wi-Fi network as a link to the remote access/cloud system. Cloud is a digital data storage medium that makes the internet a central server for managing data and also user applications. This system is usually integrated into a concept called the internet of things (IoT). IoT is a technology where an object can send data through a network without requiring human-to-human or human interaction to the computer [7]. The advantage of this IoT technology is that the work done becomes faster, easier, and more efficient. The consequence was important that all monitoring systems

voltage value, a current sensor module which has functions to read the electric current value, a light intensity sensor module which has functions to measure light intensity with lux units, a pyranometer sensor module which has functions to measure the magnitude of the effect of light radiation on the surface of the field with units W /m2, wind speed sensor modules to measure wind speed, ethernet module which has functions to connect system to internet to make it easier in data sending, GSM / GPRS module which has functions to transmit data in the form of text messages and call, a Bluetooth module that functions to sending data with Bluetooth media, sd card module that functions to store data in the sd card, a Real-Time Clock (RTC) module that functions for realtime display and recording, LCD module that functions as a local display on the system.

Ieinpeiatuie & Humidity Sensor

Temperature & Humidity Sensor

Current Sensor

Temperature & Humidity Sensor

Current

Sensor

Current

Sensor

Temperature & Humidity Sensor

. Low-cost multichannel instrument and IoT


use the IoT concept so that measurement data can be accessed remotely by a wireless connection Wi-Fi.

Because of the importance of data loggers for the operation of electric power systems and also plays an important role in research, it was necessary to design a multichannel data logger system that was capable of measuring electrical parameters and the data was stored in real-time to a cloud system at a low cost. The illustration of a low-cost multichannel data logger system was shown in Figure 3.

  • VII.    Conclusion

This paper has presented a review of equipment for measuring electrical parameters. The instruments can be divided into two groups, i.e. instrument with or without data logger system. The system without data logger has a lower price compared to the instruments capable of data logging. The instrument without data logger is suitable for indicators of the operation of a machine and its application does not require further analysis. This cost of the equipment varies depending on several factors, such as the measurement range/ limit, the types of electrical parameters that can be measured by the device, AC/DC system, the communication capability/ features of the instruments, as well as information that can be displayed on the LCD display.

Instrument with data logging system have varying prices that depend on several factors, such as the limitation or range of the measurement, types of electrical parameters the instrument can measure, whether or not the device can measure power quality and analyze the conditions of the power system, whether or not the device provides a warning if the system condition is interrupted either directly via an alarm or through notifications, display information that can be displayed on the LCD display, the ability of the device to communicate wirelessly, as well as the type of storage system used such as SD card, USB or SSD, and finally the ability to be integrated with a web server, and email. These instruments normally used for applications that require real-time monitoring, complex systems, applied to vital installations, and systems that require detail analysis. Therefore, using instruments with a data logging tool allows comprehensive monitoring and analysis of the condition of the plant’s operation.

The    measuring    instruments    must    meet

standardization/labeling to ensure the quality of the equipment and safety when used by consumers. Each country has different regulations or policies for the labeling of products sold in the country. Normally, if a measuring instrument does not meet the standard requirements of a country, then the instrument cannot be sold to that country.

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