Authors:

M. Latief, M. Meriyanti, N. Fadhilah, I. L. Tarigan, A. N. Ayu, R. Maharani, E. Aulia, D. Siregar

Abstract:

“Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichiacoli merupakan mikroba patogen penyebab infeksi kulit dan diare. Infeksi bisa diatasi dengan penggunaan antibiotik alami. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan A. ilicifoliusberpotensi sebagai antibiotik alami karena beberapa bagian tanaman ini memiliki antimikroba aktif.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengisolasi senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak etanol daun A. ilicifolius dan menguji bioaktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dan E.coli. Isolasi senyawa dengan Kromatografi Vakum Cair (KVC). Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakterinya dengan menggunakan metode disc-diffusion. Hasilnya diperoleh 12 fraksi menggunakan KVC dimana fraksi 3 (F3) didapatkan kristal. Kristal tersebut direkristalisasi dengan n-heksana, untuk mendapatkan isolat F3. Kemurnian isolat diuji dengan tiga eluen Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi dan uji antibakteri. Interpretasi skrining fitokimia dan analisis dengan UV-Vis menunjukkan isolat F3 merupakan senyawa triterpenoid, yang diperkuat dengan hasil Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) bahwa terdapat gugus fungsi -OH (3321,96 cm-1), -CH alifatik (2954,95 cm-1), -C = C (1661,16 cm-1), -CH (1447.93 cm-1, 1378,11cm-1), -CO (1050,54 cm-1), -C = C alkena (881,11 cm-1). Hasil spektrum UV-Vis mengindikasikan isolat F3 memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum (? max) pada 208 nm dan 230 nm yang menunjukkan adanya gugus C=C terkonjugasi. Dari hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri didapatkan bahwa isolat F3 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lemah terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus. Kata kunci: antibakteri, E. coli, jeruju (A. ilicifolius), S. aureus, triterpenoid. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are pathogenic microbes cause of skin infection and diarrhoea. Infections can be resolved with use of natural antibiotics. Previous research has shown A. ilicifolius has potential as a natural antibiotic because some parts of this plant have antimicrobial actives. This study aimed to isolate the bioactive compound from the ethanol extract of A. ilicifolius leaf and test the antibacterial bioactivity against S. aureus and E. coli. The isolation of the compounds was carried out by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and the antibacterial activity was tested using disc diffusion method. Twelve fractions were obtained from the VLC, where crystals were gained for the fraction 3 (F3). The crystals are recrystallized with n-hexane to obtain F3 isolates. The purity of the isolates was tested by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) by using 3 eluents followed by characterization and antibacterial assay. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) interpretation indicated that F3 isolate was triterpenoid compound having -OH group (3321.96 cm-1), -CH aliphatic (2954.95 cm-1), -C=C (1661.16 cm-1), -CH (1447.93 cm-1, 1378.11cm-1), -CO (1050.54 cm-1), -C=C alkenes (881.11 cm-1). UV-Vis spectrum showed that the F3 isolate had a maximum wavelength (? max) at 208 nm and 230 nm which indicated the presence of a conjugated C=C group. The results of antibacterial activity test showed that F3 isolate had low antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Keywords: antibacterial, E. coli, jeruju (A. ilicifolius), S. aureus, triterpenoid.”

Keywords

antibakteri, E. coli, jeruju (A. ilicifolius), S. aureus, triterpenoid. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are pathogenic microbes cause of skin infection and diarrhoea. Infections can be resolved with use of natural antibiotics. Previous research has shown A. ilicifolius has potential as a natural antibiotic because some parts of this plant have antimicrobial actives. This study aimed to isolate the bioactive compound from the ethanol extract of A. ilicifolius leaf and test the antibacterial bioactivity against S. aureus and E. coli. The isolation of the compounds was carried out by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and the antibacterial activity was tested using disc diffusion method. Twelve fractions were obtained from the VLC, where crystals were gained for the fraction 3 (F3). The crystals are recrystallized with n-hexane to obtain F3 isolates. The purity of the isolates was tested by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) by using 3 eluents followed by characterization and antibacterial assay. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) interpretation indicated that F3 isolate was triterpenoid compound having -OH group (3321.96 cm-1), -CH aliphatic (2954.95 cm-1), -C=C (1661.16 cm-1), -CH (1447.93 cm-1, 1378.11cm-1), -CO (1050.54 cm-1), -C=C alkenes (881.11 cm-1). UV-Vis spectrum showed that the F3 isolate had a maximum wavelength (? max) at 208 nm and 230 nm which indicated the presence of a conjugated C=C group. The results of antibacterial activity test showed that F3 isolate had low antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Keywords: antibacterial, E. coli, jeruju (A. ilicifolius), S. aureus, triterpenoid.

Downloads:

Download data is not yet available.

References

  • Amerikova, M., Pencheva El-Tibi, I., Maslarska, V., Bozhanov, S., & Tachkov, K. 2019. Antimicrobial activity, mechanism of action, and methods for stabilisation of defensins as new therapeutic agents. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment. 33(1): 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2019.1611385
  • Anisa, A., Ambarwati, M., Triani, A. A., & Tarigan, I. L. 2021). Review: Modification of Nanocellulose as Conjugate of Infection-Causing Antibacterial Hydrogel. Fullerene Journal of Chemistry. 6(1): 58. https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v6i1.241
  • Chawech, R., Trigui, M., Mihoubi, M., Fabre, N., Jarraya, R., & Mhalla, D. 2015. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of extracts and compounds isolated from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 4(44): 197–203.
  • Chundakkadu, A. P., Sathish, K. M., Santhoshkumar, T. R., & Eppurathu, V. S. 2011. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro screening for biological activities of Acanthus ilicifolius. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 4(7): 1977–1981.
  • Ernianingsih, W. S., Mukarlina, & Rizalinda. 2014. Etnofarmakologi Tumbuhan Mangrove Achantus ilicifolius L ., Acrostichum speciosum L . dan Xylocarpus rumphii Mabb. di Desa Sungai Tekong Kecamatan Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Jurnal Protobiont. 3(2): 252–258.
  • Guimarães, A. C., Meireles, L. M., Lemos, M. F., Guimarães, M. C. C., Endringer, D. C., Fronza, M., & Scherer, R. 2019. Antibacterial activity of terpenes and terpenoids present in essential oils. Molecules. 24(13): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132471
  • Hardiansyah, M. Y., Musa, Y., & Jaya, A. M. 2020. Identifikasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria pada Rizosfer Bambu Duri dengan Gram KOH 3 %. Agrotechnology Research Journal. 4(1): 41–46. https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i1.40875
  • Hassan, S. T. S., Berchová-bímová, K., Petrá, J., & Hassan, K. T. S. 2017. South African Journal of Botany Cucurbitacin B interacts synergistically with antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and exhibits antiviral activity against HSV-1. 108: 90–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.10.001
  • Jian, C. C., Ming, H. C., Rui, L. N., Cordel, G. A., & Qiuz, S. X. 2005. Cucurbitacins and cucurbitane glycosides: Structures and biological activities. Natural Product Reports. 22(3): 386–399. https://doi.org/10.1039/b418841c
  • Jing, S., Zou, H., Wu, Z., Ren, L., Zhang, T., Zhang, J., & Wei, Z. 2020. Cucurbitacins: Bioactivities and synergistic effect with small-molecule drugs. Journal of Functional Foods. 72(May): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104042
  • Kaushik, U., Aeri, V., & Mir, S. R. 2015. Cucurbitacins – An insight into medicinal leads from nature. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 9(17): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.156314
  • Kubo, I., Himejima, M., & Chemical, S. 1992. Antimicrobial Activity of Green Tea Flavor Components and Their Combination Effects. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40(2): 245–248.
  • Latief, M., Utami, A., Fadhilah, N., Bemis, R., Amanda, H., Heriyanti, Rahayu, M. A., Yusnaidar, Syahri, W., & Muhaimin. 2018. Antioxidant activity from perepat plant (Sonneratia alba) ethanol leaf extract with Cap-e methods to overcome oxidative stress in thallasemia. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 10(9): 2160–2162.
  • Lestari, A. L. D., Noverita, & Permana, A. 2020. Daya Hambat Propolis Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Jurnal Pro-Life. 7(3): 237–250.
  • Mann, A., Ibrahim, K., O. Oyewale, A., O. Amupitan, J., O. Fatope, M., & I. Okogun, J. 2012. Isolation and Elucidation of Three Triterpenoids and Its Antimycobacterial Activty of Terminalia Avicennioides. American Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2(2): 14–20. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajoc.20120202.03
  • Muadifah, A., Astutik, T. K., Amini, H. W., & Tarigan, I. L. 2019. Studi aktivitas ekstrak etanol dan sediaan gel daun melinjo ( Gnetum gnemon L ) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus. Chempublish Journal. 4(2): 89–100.
  • Mulyanti, S., Musthapa, I., & Aisyah, S. 2010. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder dari Fraksi Aktif Antidiabeters Daging Buah Paria (Momordica charantia Linn). Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Kimia. 1(2): 1–9.
  • Nusaibah, N., Pangestika, W., & Herry, H. 2021. Pemanfaatan ekstrak daun jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) sebagai bahan aktif krim anti acne. Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan. 14(1): 16–24. https://doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.14.1.16-24.
  • Pringgenies, D., Setyati, W. A., Wibowo, D. S., & Djunaedi, A. 2020. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Jeruju Acanthus ilicifolius terhadap Bakteri Multi Drug Resistant. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis. 23(2): 145–156. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i2.5398
  • Rita, W. S. 2010. Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa Golongan Triterpenoid Pada Rimpang Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe). Jurnal Kimia. 4(1): 20–26.
  • Saptiani, G., Prayitno, S. B., & Anggoro, S. 2013. Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Jeruju (Acanthusilicifolius) Terhadap Vibrio harveyi Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 7(1): 17–20. https://doi.org/10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v7i1.558.
  • Sastrohamidjojo, H. 2014. Kimia minyak atsiri. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
  • Silverstein, Bassler, & Morill. 1984. Penyidikan Spektrometrik Senyawa Organik. Ed. ke-4. Erlangga.
  • Tarigan, I. L., Sari, A. K., Huda, C., Jovanncha, C., & Muadifah, A. 2020. Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Analysis of Coleus arthropurpureus Ethyl Acetate Fraction and Antibacterial Activity Agains Staphylococcus aureus. ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Dan Terapan. 4(1): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v4i1.5123
  • Veronita, F., Wijayati, N., & Mursiti, S. 2017. Isolasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Daun Binahong Serta Aplikasinya Sebagai Hand Sanitizer. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science. 6(2): 138–144.
  • Zhang, Z., Chen, M., Yu, Y., Pan, S., & Liu, Y. 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility among gram-positive and gram-negative blood-borne pathogens collected between 2012-2016 as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Contro. 7(1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0441-y.

PDF:

https://jurnal.harianregional.com/jchem/full-67154

Published

2022-01-28

How To Cite

LATIEF, M. et al. ISOLASI SENYAWA TRITERPENOID EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JERUJU (ACHANTUS ILICIFOLIUS) DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERINYA TERHADAP S. AUREUS DAN E. COLI.Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry), [S.l.], p. 35-44, jan. 2022. ISSN 2599-2740. Available at: https://jurnal.harianregional.com/jchem/id-67154. Date accessed: 28 Aug. 2025. doi:https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2022.v16.i01.p05.

Citation Format

ABNT, APA, BibTeX, CBE, EndNote - EndNote format (Macintosh & Windows), MLA, ProCite - RIS format (Macintosh & Windows), RefWorks, Reference Manager - RIS format (Windows only), Turabian

Issue

Vol. 16, No.1, Januari 2022

Section

Articles

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License