LANGUAGE VARIETIES USED IN REGISTER OF ECONOMIC
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LANGUAGE VARIETIES USED IN REGISTER OF
ECONOMIC
ELA FAHRUNISA PRATIWI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND CULTURES
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
Abstrak :
Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas dan menganalisis tentang arti dari variasi kata yang digunakan pada register ekonomi dan untuk mencari seberapa seringkah kata-kata itu muncul dalam register Ekonomi.
Data yang digunakan dalam analisis ini diperoleh dari beberapa artikel Jakarta Post, yaitu:(edisi 23,24,25 Juli) dengan menngunakan metode kualitatif diskriptif. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan keragaman bahasa yang ada dengan menerapkan dua teori yaitu: (Trudgill (1974 dengan bukunya yang berjudul An Introduction to Language and Society ) digunakan untuk menganalisis variasi Bahasa . Teori Mackay dan Palmer (1981 dengan bukunya yang berjudul Language For Specific Purposes, Program Design And Evaluation) digunakan untuk menganalisis Register dalam Ekonomi.
Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga jenis kata yang digunakan dalam register ekonomi, yaitu: kata benda,kata kerja dan kata sifat.Dari hasil analisis diatas menunjukan bahwa kata benda yang mendominasi atau sering muncul dalam Register Ekonomi.
Kata kunci:Variasi, Register, Ekonomi
The language and discourse of economic has been the subject of considerable analysis, although it is not clear whether it is the specific discipline or the broad disciplinary area that is under discussion. Much of the research has been concerned with the textbook and with the abstract language and metaphors used to set up to the models essential to economic description.
Talking about social context as the theme of this discussion, it is very clearly pointed to the social aspect of a society. The social aspect meant here are educations, economic, professions which have produced social classes in a society. These social factors are reflected through the language produced of each speaker and used the varieties of language. “Linguistic varieties that are linked in this way to occupation, or profession have been termed Register. For example,
languages used in economic are different from the languages of engineering and so on” Trudgill (1974:101).
Register of economic is language varieties that are referring to economic condition. They are constructed and sometimes have different meaning from the others. Based on the reasons above the analysis in sociolinguistic point of the Register of Economic would be classified and analyzed as the topic of discussion. The meaning of words that used in Register of Economic and their correlation in our social lives as well as some articles in Jakarta Post would be used as the sources of the data in writing this under graduated thesis.
Related to the background of the study above, the problems of the study are formulated as follows:
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1) What kinds of the language variety were mostly used in the economic register?
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2) What were the language varieties mostly found in the economic register and their functions?
From the problem rises above, the aims of this study were:
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1) To find out what kinds of the language variety were mostly used in the economic register.
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2) To find out the language varieties mostly found in the economic register and their functions.
A method means procedure or process needed in collecting or writing to determine the data in writing a scientific paper. Research method was intended to understand a complex issue or an object and as well as to strengthen what has been known through the previous research. There were three main classifications applied in research methods in writing this under graduate thesis: data source, method and technique of collecting the data, and method and technique of analyzing the data.
The data source in this study were taken from ten tittles in Colum of economic business
in The Jakarta Post newspaper article (edition July 25, July 24 and July 23 in 2013) These articles were selected as the main data in writing this under graduate thesis because they contained a numbers of words in the register of Economic which were relevant to this study.
Documentation method was used in collecting the data. The technique of collecting the data was by reading the newspaper repeatedly to identify a diversity of languages used in the registers and noted down all of the important data related to the information needed.
Firstly, reading the data repeatedly, taking note down and then classifying all the data based on their classification. Secondly, the data were examined carefully in order to understand their classifications whether they were nouns, adjectives or verbs which dominantly appeared in the register of economic based on their appearance frequency and analyzed by applying the descriptive qualitative and quantitative method. Thirdly, the data were analyzed based on the theories proposed.
As it has been known that Sociolinguistics examines the interplay of language and society, with language as the starting point and variety is the key of the concept, applied to the language itself and its use. The variety of a language which has the high status in a community or nation must have the standard structure and grammar in dictionary. This chapter presents the language varieties most used in registers of Economic.
As in the common situation in human life society, language varieties used in Register might have different meaning from the language we use in our social lives. Most of the words could be classified into a unique Register of words in economic. And the Register words of economic terms most or frequency occur in the economic field, as they use in the context of several articles and terms of dictionary in economic. Unique words in economic found in the Jakarta Post could be seen below:
The following explanation was the steps, how to find the words in the languages varieties in the register of Economic whether they belong to the registers of languages varieties or they belong to the register of economic. In this step it would also be described more detail the method and formula how those words found in the languages varieties in the register of economic whether they belong to high or lower frequency. The result of the comparison whether the words were high or lower frequency could be seen how often they could be applied in each registers. The result of the percent of words were taken from the whole words that most appeared in the data sources then they were divided with the total of the words in the data sources then times with 100% then the result could be seen in the first data bellow: Here are the process and the result of the first data.
Based on the data one,there were six words of Economic terms often used in the Register of Economic. Those words were indexes and access. If it was seen from the data one, the word index most dominated appear in the data one because the word index appeared five times in data one if it was compared to the word access which could only appear one time in the data one.
The Comparison of high- frequency noun in register economic:
|
Language varieties of Economic |
Percent (%) |
|
0,99% 0,19% |
Analysis:
After analyzing the data above, they could be seen that the datum (a) and the datum (b) were the economic words which often applied in the register of economic. Both (a) and (b) were nouns. From the analysis of the data above, they could be concluded that the result of the percentage of (a) was taken from the whole words in the data above. There were 504 words in the data source. How to get 0, 99% could be seen as follow :( 5: 504 x 100% =0, 99% for index number) and (1:504 x 100% = 0, 19% for access) (a) has 0, 99% and (b) also 0, 99% which had
the same frequency based on the Chui’s comparison therefore. (a) And (b) had the same frequency.
Based on the data two, there were seven words of the Register of Economic which were found in data two. Those words were prices and demands. If it was seen from the data two, the word price most dominated in the date two because the word price appeared five times in the data two if it was compared to the word demand which could only appear two times in the data two.
The Comparison of high frequency noun in Economic:
|
Language varieties of economic |
Percent % |
|
1,19% 0,19 % |
Analysis:
After analyzing the data above, datum (a) and datum (b) were the register of economic words which often used in the register of economic. If they were seen from the data above, the frequency of (a) more dominated than (b) because (a) was, 1, 19% if it was compared to (b). The use of (b) had less frequency than (a) because (a) only had 0, 39%, however the use of (b) had lower frequency than (a). The result of the final frequency of both (a) and (b) could be seen as follow: (6:504 x 100% =1, 19% for price list) and (1:504 x 100%= 0, 39% for demands)
Based on the data three, there were seven words of the Register of Economic found in data two. They were markets and sells.Another one was sell and the other was market. The word sell was verb which only appeared one time in the data three; however the word market appeared five times which was considered as noun.
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(i) Comparison of high frequency noun in economic:
Language varieties
economic
of
Percent %
A. Market (N)
0,75 %
B. Sell (V)
0,12 %
Analysis:
After analyzing the data above, they could be concluded that datum (a) had high frequency if it was compared to datum (b) because (a) was 0, 76% and (b) had 0, 12%. From this case they could be compared that (a) was considered as high frequency and (b) was considered as the lower frequency. The final result of both (a) and (b) frequency could be seen as follow: (6:792 x 100%=0, 75% for market) and (1: 792 x 100% =0, 12% for sell).
Based on data four, there were twenty six words of the Register of Economic found in the data four. The others were taxes and the investments. The word tax in these data could be a verb and could be a noun which only appeared two times in data four; however the word investment appeared twenty four times which were considered nouns. If it was seen from data four, the word investment most dominated in date four because the word investment appeared twenty four times in data four if compared to the word tax which could only appear two times in the data four.
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(ii) Comparison of high frequency noun in economic:
Language varieties economic
of
Percent %
a. Investment (N)
3.39 %
b. Tax (V)
0,28 %
Analysis:
From the data analysis above, it could be seen that the use of the datum (a) most dominated which had 3, 39% if it was compared to (b) which only had 0, 28%.Therefore (a) was considered having high frequency than and (b) which was considered lower frequency than (b). The final result of the frequency comparison could be seen as follows: (24: 706 x 100%= 3, 39% for investments) and (2: 706 x 100% =0, 28% for Tax)
In this analysis could be concluded that there were several of economic words used in the register of economic. The result of the analysis showed that there were three main word classes which often appeared in the language varieties used in the register of economic .Those words were adjectives, nouns and verbs, however in this analysis nouns were most dominantly used in the register of economic. The words applied in the register of economic were classified based on their functions whether the words were regarded as lower or high frequency.
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