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THE GRAMMATICAL COHESION AND CONTEXT OF SITUATION IN

THE ARTICLES OF HOT ENGLISH MAGAZINE AND HELLO BALI

MAGAZINE

BY

ANIK SUPRIANTI

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF LETTERS

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY

2013

ABSTRAK

Jurnal ini berjudul " The Grammatical Cohesion and Context of Situation in the Articles of Hot English Magazine and Hello Bali Magazine". Tujuan penelitian dalam jurnal ini adalah untuk menganalisis tipe kohesi gramatikal dan konteks situasi yang di temukan dalam majalah yang berjudul Hot English dan Hello Bali. Teori yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini adalah teori konteks dan kohesi yang dikemukakan oleh Halliday and Hasan (1985 dan 1976) dan juga teori dari Nunan (1993). Dalam menganalisis jurnal metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Pembahasan data diawali dengan membaca, memahami, memberi tanda dan mencatat data yang berhubungan dengan topik. Hasil dari pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa di artikel-artikel majalah yang digunakan memiliki tiga fitur konteks situasi yaitu field, tenor dan modus. Dan menemukan tipe dari kohesi gramatikal yaitu referensi, substitusi dan konjungsi.

Kata kunci : kohesi gramatikal dan konteks situasi

  • 1.    Background

Language becomes functional if it is able to fulfill people's need in society effectively. The term functional means language that is doing some jobs in some context. It means that every language that is playing some parts in a context of situation is called text.

Grammatical cohesion is a kind of cohesion that is the meaning relation, which is performed through grammar.This study is focused on the analysis of

types of grammatical cohesion including reference, substitusion, ellipsis, and conjunction, and the context of situation including field, tenor, mode. This study includes the comparison of the use of grammatical cohesion and context of situation between those two articles with different magazines.

  • 2.    Problems of the Study

Based on the background above, the problems of the study are :

  • 1)    What was the context of situation in the articles of Hot English magazine and Hello Bali magazine like?

  • 2)    What types of grammatical cohesion were used in the articles of Hot English magazine and Hello Bali magazine?

  • 3.    Aims of the Study

Related to the problems of the study, the general aims of the study is to analyze the language used in the articles of magazines according to the context of situation, and to find out the three components of the context of situation namely field, tenor and mode and types of Grammatical Cohesion in the articles of Hot English magazine and Hello Bali magazine.

  • 4.    Research Method

The method that is used to conduct a research project, has a very important role in a scientific writing, because it is influental to the validity of the result of the research itself. It contains data source, method and technique of collecting data, and method and technique of analyzing data.The research method used in this study is qualitative research.

  • 4.1    Data Source

The data source were taken from two different magazines they are Hot English magazine no.123 edition June 2012, and Hello Bali magazine, vol. 17, no. 10 edition October 2012. The reason in choosing these articles as the data source, is that the writer wants to find grammatical cohesion and context of situation in

Hot English magazine and Hello Bali magazine. They are tourist magazines functionery to promote Balinese culture.

  • 4.2    Method and Technique of Collecting Data

The data were collected using library research and there was no respondent involved in this study. Library research includes reading, and noting the data related to the topic in this study.The data of this research were collected in several steps. First, the texts were carefully read, than were selected and there the grammatical cohesion and context of situation, note taking was done.

  • 4.3    Method and Technique of Analyzing Data

The technique of analyzing data applied in this study was qualitative method. First, every data was presented in order to find out the detail of the message in every paragraph. Second, the data were selected to find appropriate data. Then the data were analyzed of using the theory of cohesion according to Halliday (1976), to know the cohesiveness of the text.

  • 5.    The Analysis of Grammatical Cohesion and Context of Situation in the Articles of Hot English Magazine and Hello Bali Magazine.

    • 5.1    Context of Situation

The context of situation consists of three dimensions, they are field (what the text is all about), tenor (the role of the participants), and mode (the medium or the channel of the text).

  • a.    Field

The articles in Hot English magazine and Hello Bali magazine have three features of context of situation namely field, tenor, and mode. The field of the first text is about the Balinese myths and legends. It describes the story of Kbo Iwa and the story of Ramayana, and the second text is about tourist objects which refers to Nusa Penida island.

  • b.    Tenor

Tenor in the first text were involved some participants who are in charge namely journalist, editor, publisher, and readers. The journalist officially (The team of Hot English magazine). The participants involved in the second text are the journalist, writer (Katy robert) and the team of Hello Bali magazine, and also the readers.

  • c.    Mode

In the first text, The text consists of long sentences in paragraph. The text consists of forty-four and seven paragraphs. The second text consists of ten paragraphs and fifty one sentences, which have long sentences.

  • 5.2    Grammatical Cohesion

Grammatical cohesion is a kind of cohesion that is performed through relation in grammar. According to Halliday and Hasan (1976) , the types of grammatical cohesion are divided into four items; they are reference, substitution,ellipsis,and conjuction.

  • a. Reference

> Personal Reference

  • I.    " He would help the balinese people build temples and villages, digditches and cut terraces out of the hillsides for rice paddies" (S.4)

He refers anaphorically to Kbo Iwa. He is a personal reference, and belongs to personal pronouns.

  • II.    " While renowned for its magnificent diving trenches, the sightings of Mola

Mola, ......"(S.5)

Its refers anaphorically to Nusa Penida. Its is a personal reference, and is a possessive pronoun.

  • > Demonstrative Reference

  • I.    " One year there was a very poor harvest of food and the Balinese people could barely feed themselves, much less a giant."(S.7)

There refers cataphorically to there was a very poor harvest of food. There is demonstrative reference, and it is a circumstantial demonstrative. The refers cataphorically to the Balinese people could barely feed themselves, much less a giant. The is demonstrative reference and it is classified as neutral.

  • > Comparative Reference

  • I.    " It is believed that there was once a giant as tall as a mountain who roamed the island,...." (S.3)

"As is comperative reference that expresses the particular comperative.

  • II.    ” So while bargaining, do not drive too hard." (S.26)

So is comparative reference that expresses a particular comparative.

  • b.    Substitution

  • I.    " During one battle, Rama sped towards Rawana shooting arrows as he ran.” (S.37)

One in the three sentences above can be classified as substitution. It can be noted that not all occurrences of one are instances of substitution.

  • II.    "..........., and many international companies operate in associatiation with

reputable local ones.” (S.35)

Ones refers to nominal substitution, it is also related to category of general nouns.

  • c.    Conjunction

  • > Additive Conjunction

  • I.    " The lime set around the giant and when he woke up he was unable to escape."(S.1)

  • II.    This will take you to some stunning locations and back on a boat before sundown.” (S.16)

And in the two sentences above belongs to additive conjunction. Its functioned is to add new information to what has been mentioned before.

  • > Adversative conjunction

  • I.    "..........., his appetite was enormous, however, and there was never

enough food to satisfy him.” (S.5)

However in the sentence above is adversative cunjunction. However stands for relation between those two sentences, which are contrasted in meaning.

  • II.    " However, they concluded that because it had no graveyard, it may have had purposes beyond that of a pura dalem,...."(S.40)

However can be grouped into adversative conjunction.

  • > Causal conjunction

  • I.    " This angered Kbo Iwo so much that he rampaged across the island,....." (S.8)

So in the sentence above belongs to conjunction with causal relationship. It indicates that there is specific information in this sentence as a result of the previous sentence.

  • II.    " Not so long ago Penida was a penal colony, and you didn't have to do much to end up there."(S.8)

So in the sentence above belongs to conjunction with causal relationship. It indicates that there is specific information in this sentence as a result of the previous sentence.

  • > Temporal conjunction

  • I.    " The Balinese people then asked him to build a well, which he started digging." (S.12)

Then is a temporal conjunction which occurs to express the presence of the following event after the previous one.

  • II.    " Even two years ago if you wanted a could beer you had to buy it from the markets or a shop, then find a place with ice and store your bottle there until you could take it to the only cafe on the sea front to drink it." (S.7)

Then is a temporal conjunction which occurs to express the presence of the following event after the previous one.

  • 6.    Conclusion

Based on the analysis in previous chapter about grammatical cohesion and context of situation, the conclusion can be drawn as follows:

The articles of Hot English magazine and Hello Bali magazine have three features of context of situation namely field, tenor, and mode. Every text also has grammatical cohesion. The types of grammatical cohesion in the articles include reference, substitution, and conjunction. There is no ellipsis found in both texts. The appearance of the reference in both texts is marked by personal ,demonstrative and comparative reference. The Personal reference involves the personal pronouns it ,they, he, him, you, and possessive determiners, their, his, and also possessive pronouns its. The Demonstrative reference in both texts is performed by the definite articles the, that and there, applied in the texts as anaphoric and cataphoric. The Comparative reference in both texts is performed by the definite articles so and as. The only substitutions found are nominal substitution one, and verbal substitution do. And the last, conjunctions found were: additive, adversative, causal and temporal. The Additive conjunction is marked by and in both texts. The Adversative conjunction is marked by however, but , and only. The Causal was found so in the first and second texts. While , temporal conjunction was marked by then and that can be seen in the first and second texts.

  • 7.    Bibliography

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Halliday, M.A.K and R. Hasan.1985. Language, context,and text: Aspect of Language in a social-semiotic Perspective. Deakin University Press

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