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DIRECTIVE ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS FOUND IN BREAKING DAWN NOVEL

By:

NI PUTU TIYA ANDARI

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS UDAYANA UNIVERSITY

Abstrak

Penelitian ini berjudul Directive Illocutionary Acts Found In Breaking Dawn Novel. Data dalam penelitian ini diambil dari novel fiksi berjudul Breaking Dawn oleh Stephanie Meyer. Novel ini terpilih sebagai sumber data karena novel ini menarik untuk dianalisa dan merupakan novel terlaris Teori dari Bach dan Harnish digunakan untuk menganalisa jenis direktif yang ditemukan dalam Breaking Dawn novel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa jenis tindakan direktif digunakan oleh pembicara dalam mengarahkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu.Masing-masing memiliki karakteristik sendiri.

Kata Kunci: direktif tindakan, konteks situasi, respon pendengar.

  • 1.    Background of The Study

Language as a system of communication plays a crucial role in every aspect of human life. Through language we can express our ideas in our mind and confess our feelings in order to interact with other people or even society. When the speakers do not only produce utterance that contains of word and grammatical structure but also perform or expect actions through their utterance, it is called a Speech Act.The part that would be emphasized in this study is the illocutionary acts especially the directive illlocutionary acts. The speaker has directly performed an illocutionary acts if the intended act is recognized as such by the hearer, which is then communicated. For example, “It is very cold here”. The speaker might intend to describe the room situation, in this case the illocutionary force would be “describing”. He might also intend to request someone who sits

near the window or door to close it. This sentence might produce more than one illocution, either direct illocution or indirect ilocution.

  • 2.    Problems of the Study

What are the types of the directive illocutionary acts found in Breaking Dawn novel?

  • 3.    Aims of the Study

To find out the types of directive illocutionary acts found in Breaking Dawn.

  • 4.    Research Method

    4.1    Data Source

This research used the fiction novel entitled Breaking Dawn was written by Stephenie Meyer (2008) as the data source. This references used as the data source because this Stephenie Meyer’s work is an interesting novel to analyze. Breaking Dawn is the fourth and final novel in the Twilight Saga by American author Stephenie Meyer.

  • 4.2    Method and Technique of Collecting Data

The data were collected by note taking technique.

  • 4.3    Method and Technique of Analyzing Data

The theory proposed by Bach and Harnish (1979) was used to analyze the problem formulated.

  • 5.    Directive Illocutionary Acts Found in Breaking Dawn Novel

There are a number of directives illocutionary acts which are found in the novel.

  • 5.1    Directive Illocutionary Acts of Requirement

Dialogue:

Bella: “You’re going to stay away from her,”

Jacob: “I can’t do that!”

The analysis is as follows:

  • (i)    The belief that his utterance, in virtue of his authority over hearer, constitutes sufficient reason for hearer to act. The speaker (Bella) has the authority toward Jacob, in which he was the person whom Bella who used to love and now he is falling in love with her baby Renesmee. She uttered the utterance to command him, and believes that Jacob would follow the instruction given but regrettably he did not.

  • (ii)    The intention that hearer do act because of speaker’s utterance. By uttering, “You’re going to stay away from her,” Bella wanted Jacob to do as what she was commanded. Additionally, Jacob did not take the action because of Bella’s utterance.

  • 5.2    Directive Illocutionary Acts of Prohibitive

Dialogue:

Edward: “You’re not going alone,”

Bella: “They won’t hurt me,”

To ensure that it can be classified into type of prohibitive, the analysis as as follows:

  • (i)    The belief that his utterance, in virtue of his authority over hearer, constitutes sufficient reason for hearer not to act. From the utterance above, it can be explained that the speaker (Edward) has really close relationship with the hearer (Bella). Regarding to the conversation, it can be said that Edward as Bella’s husband has authority toward her wife, in which he does not allow Bella to meet Volturi alone.

  • (ii)    The intention that because of speaker’s utterance hearer not to do act. In this case, Edward prohibited Bella not to go alone to find Volturi. However, Bella was convinced her husband to let her go alone.

  • 5.3    Directive Illocutionary Acts of Permissive

Dialogue:

Bella: ”Get some rest, please,” she went on. “There’re a few beds upstairs, you’re welcome to any of them”

Jacob: “Thanks, Bells, but I’d rather sleep on the ground. Away from the stench, you know.”

The analysis is seen as follows:

  • (i)    The belief that his utterance, in virtue of his authority over hearer, entitles hearer to act. As the speaker, Bella expresses the belief that he has the authority toward Jacob to say this. She permitted Jacob to use any room upstairs that he wants to take a rest.

  • (ii)    The intention that hearer believe that speaker’s utterance entitles him to act. In this case, Bella expresses her intention to allow Jacob to take a rest using upstairs room.

  • 5.4    Directive Illocutionary Act of Requestive

Dialogue:

Jacob: “Yeah. Bye, Jared. Hey, tell my dad that I’m okay, will you? And that I’m sorry and that I love him”

Jared: “I’ll pass that along

The analysis can be seen as follows:

  • (i)    The desire that hearer do act. In performing directive acts of requestive in data above, the speaker (Jacob) wants the hearer (Jared) to do something. In this case Jacob asked Jared to deliver his message to his father that he was really okay and miss him so much.

  • (ii)    The intention that hearer do act because of speaker’s desire. Jacob uttered the utterance above with intention that Jared will do something

based on what is being requested by Jacob, that is, to tell his father how much he miss him.

  • 6.    Conclusion

The hearer mostly used the speaker’s utterance as the reason to act. Prohibitive is the most often types of directive act that appeared in this novel due Breaking Dawn is the novel with hectic situation and high tension.

  • 7.    Bibliography

Bach, K. & R.M. Harnish. 1979. Linguistic Communication and Speech Act. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Forster, E. Morgan. 1927. Aspects of the Novel. London: Webster Encyclopedia of Literature.

Leech, Geoffrey. 1989. The Principles of Pragmatic. London: Longman Linguistics Library.

Searle, John R. 1969. Speech Act: An Essay the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.