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TRANSITIVITY OF ENGLISH VERB IN BRAVE A MOTHER’S LOVE MOVIE STORYBOOK

BY

I GUSTI NGURAH BAGUS SUYASTRAWAN ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF LETTERS UDAYANA UNIVERSITY

2013

ABSTRAK

Jurnal ini berjudul “Transitivity of English Verb in Brave A Motther’s Love Movie Storybook”. Tujuan penelitian dalam jurnal ini berfokus pada transitivitas kata kerja yang ditemukan dalam buku cerita. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori transitivitas oleh Hopper and Thompson (1980), sebagai teori utama dalam penelitian ini. Dikarenakan penelitian sangat erat berhubungan dengan jenis kata kerja, analisis transitivitas dimulai dengan memilih kata kerja yg ditemukan dalam cerita. Teori yang digunakan menganalisa jenis kata kerja disini menggunakan teori oleh Talmy Givon (1984). Teori ini didasarkan pada skala waktu-stabilitas.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis, telah dikumpulkan dua puluh dua(22) kata kerja, empat diantaranya (4) kata kerja yang dikategorikan sebagai kata kerja keterangan. Enam (6)Kata kerja kategori proses. Serta dua belas (12) kata kerja aksi. Tingkat parameter transitivitas ternedah hanya ditemukan satu(1), diwakili kata kerja menunggu, yg mana termasuk kata kerja keterangan, dan tiga(3) kata kerja aksi yang memiliki nilai tertinggi dalam tingkatan parameter transitivitas adalah kata kerja, makan, mengejar, dan melindungi.

Kata kunci: Transitivitas, Jenis kata kerja, Tingkatan parameter.

  • 1.    Background

The word text means a pre-theoretical term used in linguistics and phonetics to refer to a stretch of language recorded for the purpose of analysis and description. Text may refer to collection of written or spoken material. e.g conversation, monologues, and so on (Crystal, 1985:307).

Considering the explanation above, it is interesting to analyze the parameters of transitivity of the verbs, in regard to cognitive development; the various mental processes used in thinking, remembering, perceiving, recognizing, classifying, and so on. Especially, the verbs which occurred in the movie storybook. The movie storybook is chosen because it uses simple sentence to tell the story according to what happens by following the movie story itself and to understand the story more specifically.

  • 2.    Problems of the Study

There are some problems that need to be discussed in the transitivity of English verb in the movie storybook Brave A Mother’s Love and they are formulated as follow:

  • 1.    What types of transitive verbs are found in the movie storybook Brave A Mother’s Love?

  • 2.    What verbs are the lowest and the highest in parameters of transitivity contained in the movie storybook Brave A Mother’s Love?

  • 3.    Aims of the Study

The aims of this are as follows:

  • 1.    To classify the types of transitive verbs found in the story entitled Brave A Mother’s Love

  • 2.    To classify and analyze the lowest and highest parameters of transitivity of the verbs in the story.

  • 4.    Research Method

The research method covers three points; how to obtain, how to collect and how to analyze the data.

  • 4.1    Data Source

The data used in this study were directly taken from the movie storybook entitled Brave A Mother’s Love. This book was published by PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama (2012) by license of the Disney Enterprise, Inc. This movie storybook also contains various types of verbs that were relevant for this study. 4.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data

The method in collecting the data in this study is documentary method, using the following techniques:

  • 1.    Is read and jot down the sentence or clause which consist of verbs which are appropriated and relevant with the scope of discussion of this study

  • 2.    Is note take using whenever the sentence are containing the transitivity of verb.

  • 3.    Is identify and classify the clause structure of text. In this study, the clause or sentence which contains passive verbs is ignored because according to Givon (1984), those kinds of verb tend to have low transitivity.

  • 4.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data

The method used in this research is qualitative and quantitative method. Some steps in analyzing the data of this study are presented as follows:

  • 1.    The data from the movie storybook were analyzed based on Hopper and Thomson’s theory of parameters. The explanation was presented in order to know whether a verb within a sentence or clause consists of one or two participants, action or non-action, telic or atelic, etc.

  • 2.    The index parameter of each verb within a sentence was counted.

  • 3.    Then, the lowest and the highest index of transitivity among those types of verb found in the movie storybook Brave A Mother’s Love were identified.

  • 5.    The Analysis of Verbs Transitivity in Brave A Mother’s Love Movie Storybook

    5.1    Types of Verb

This section shows the selected verbs form Brave A Mother’s Love Movie Storybook by Melissa Legonegro (2012). A complex sentence in the story is split in one meaning clause. The sentences that are classified into three types based on the theory of verb proposed by Givon (1984), these are: state, process and action. And the analysis described:

  • 5.1.1    State Verb

According to the data obtained, from twenty two verbs four state verbs are found, those are waits, wears, joins and knows.

  • 5.1.2    Process Verb

There are six process verbs found in the story. Those verbs are teach, make, return, change, look for, and fix.

  • 5.1.3    Action Verb

There are twelve action verbs found in the story. Those verbs are, show, tell, cut, run, meet, ask, eat, chase, protects, fight, covers and break.

  • 5.2    Transitivity

This is the core of this study. In this part, the parameter of transitivity of verb in each selected sentence is classified and analyzed. In analyzing the transitivity of verb, each verb is classified based on its type of verb; state, action and process.

  • 5.2.1    Transitivity of State Verb

According to the story, four state verbs are obtained, they are: wait, wear, join and know, each of these state verbs is analyzed on parameters of transitivity.

  • 5.2.2    Transitivity of Process Verb

As stated previously that there are six process verbs occurring in the story. Those verbs are teach, makes, return, change, look for, and fix.

  • 5.2.3    Transitivity of Action Verb

From the story, it is obtained twelve of action verbs, those verb are shows, tells, cuts, runs, meets, ask, eats, chase, protects, fight, covers and break. In this part, each of these action verb is analyzed. The analysis is on the parameter of transitivity.

  • 6.    Conclusion

Based on the analysis and discussion of the previous chapter, it can be concluded that there are three types of verbs found in the story. Those are state verb, process verb, and action verb. Four verbs were considered as state verb. they were wait, wear, join and know. Six process verbs were also found: teach, make, return, change, look for, and fix. And the most of verbs which occurred in the story were classified is action verbs, they were, show, tell, cut, run, meet, ask, eat, chase, protect, fight, cover and break.

The degree of transitivity of each verb definitely depends on the type of verb itself. From the previous chapter, it can be proved that the state verb has the lowest transitivity than the other types of verb since its index parameters were less than 5 (five), while process and action verbs were proved to be high in transitivity because their index parameters were more than 5 (five). From the analysis, it is shown that only one verb has the lowest degree of transitivity with the index parameters 2 (two). This verb was classified as state verb. the verbs that have the lowest transitivity are verb wait. The verbs that have the highest

degree of transitivity with the index parameters 10 (ten) are 3 (three) verbs are; eat, chase, and protect, and those verbs are action verb.

Based on this result, it can be concluded that the action verb is considered high in transitivity. In contrast, the index parameters of state verb in this story was less than five, thus, it is considered that state verb is low in transitivity.

  • 7.    Bibliography

Lagonegro, Mellisa. 2012. Brave A Mother’s Love. Jakarta : PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Dewi, Sagung Ayu Prami. 2003. Transitivity Analysis on Different Text. S1 Thesis. Denpasar : Udayana University.

Folley, W. A. and R.D. Van Valin. 1984. Functional Syntax and Universal Grammar. Cambridge University Press.

Frawley, W. 1992. Linguistics Semantics. New Jersey : Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.

Givon. T. 1984. Syntax : A Functional – Typological Introduction Volume I & II. Amsterdam/Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Hopper, P.J and Sandra A Thompson. 1980. Transitivity In Grammar and Discourse : Language, 56, 251-299.

Krisnawati, Ni Wayan. 2004. The Transitivity in the Cosmetics Advertisements.

Thesis. Denpasar : Udayana University.

Pascarani, Ni Nyoman Dewi. 2004. Transitivity of English Act Verb. S1 Thesis.

Denpasar : Udayana University.

Rice, Sally. 1987. Transitivity and Lexicon 78,911-1015 available from:

crl.ucsd.edu/newsletter/02/2-2.pdf

Tsunoda, Tasaku. 1981. Split Case Marking Pattern in Verbs Types. Tense Aspect Mood. Mounton Publisher.