ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN MOVIE SCRIPT OF CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE LION, THE WITCH, AND THE WARDROBE BY STUART C.
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ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN MOVIE SCRIPT OF CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE LION, THE WITCH, AND THE WARDROBE BY STUART C.
By
EMY HIDAYATUL AMANAH
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
ABSTRAK
Tindakil okusi adalah jenis kedua dari tindak tutur berdasarkan klasifikasi Austin (1962).Ini merupakan tindak tutur dari seorang pembicara yang mengandung sebuah makna tersirat. Ada seorang pembicara berkata, ”Panas sekali di dalam ruangan ini”, maka pendengar dari ujaran tersebut akan segera menghidukan kipas angin atau penyejuk ruangan. Ujaran tersebut merupakan contoh tindak ilokusi yang memiliki makna permintaan. Fenomena tersebut sering terjadi, namun banyak yang tidak menyadari. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yang mengenai jenis tindak ilokusi dan makna tersiratnya adalah naskah film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe oleh Stuart C. (2004). Ada dua tujuan dalam penelitian, yaitu untuk mengetahui tipe tindak ilokusi dan untuk menganalisa makna tersirat dari naskah film tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Ujaran, JenisTindak Ilokusi dan MaknaTersirat.
Illocutionary act is the second act type based on the Austin categorized the speech act (1962). It is the utterance that the speaker says to hearer in the context. This utterance has a certain or convention force; performing act in saying something. For example, a speaker says, “I feel hot in this room”, then, the hearer will turn on the fan or the AC. It has the implicit meaning of requesting. This phenomenon is often found in our daily life. In addition, what the speaker intends to perform is known as illocutionary force and sometimes it seems to be complicated because it is something different from what the speaker says orally and it relies on the context of situation. Regarding the complexity of illocutionary forces, this research was focused on the illocutionary act types and illocutionary forces in the movie script of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe by Stuart C. (2004).
Based on the background, these are the problems:
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1. What types of illocutionary acts are found in the movie script of the Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by Stuart C.?
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2. What illocutionary forces are found in the movie script of the Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by Stuart C.?
Based on the problems above, the aims of the study are as follows:
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1. To recognize the types of the illocutionary acts types found in the movie script of the Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by Stuart C.
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2. To analyze the illocutionary forces in the movie script of the Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by Stuart C.
The data of this study were not be taken from the informant and respondent; however from the dialogues of the movie script of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe which was used as the data source because it was an interesting fantasy movie which contained many illocutionary acts.
The method to collect the data was library research in which there were no any informants and respondents. The data were in form of movie script.
The collected data of this study were analyzed using qualitative method based on to theory of classification of illocutionary acts proposed by Austin (1962) and Searle (1969 and 1979). It was used as main the theory and supported by other theories of speech acts. And the data were analyzed descriptively to explain the illocutionary force of each data.
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5. The Analysis of Movie Script of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe
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1. Announcer : Attention, would all parents ensure that their parents have the appropriate identification papers.(Directive - Ordering)
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2. Mrs.Pevensie : You warm enough? Now honey you have to keep this on you. Be sure and keep this on. (Directive - Ordering)
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3. Edmund : If Dad were here, the war would be over, and we wouldn't have to go.(Directive - Praying)
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4. Peter : If dad wasn't fighting and the war was over we wouldn't have to go.
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5. Mrs.Pevensie : You will listen to your brother, won't you Edmund? Promise me you look after the others.
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6. Peter : I will mum. (Commissive - Promising)
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7. Mrs.Pevensie : Good man. Susan, be a big girl. All right... off you go.
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8. Edmund : Hey, get off. I know how to get on a train. Get off me.
(Assertive - Complaining)
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9. Susan :Peter! (Susan Snatches papers)
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10. Peter : Come on Lucy, we've got to stay together now. Everything's going to be alright. It’s gonna be fine.Bye Mom, we'll miss you. (Directive - Praying)
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11. Mrs.Pevensie : Good-Bye my darlings
The train station scene was the representative data of this undergraduate thesis. The dialogues of this scene were among the three main characters; Peter, Susan, and Edmund and two support characters; Mrs.Pevensie, their mother, and announcer. The setting of this scene was in a crowded train station of London in the morning. The train station was full of children and their own parents. All of them would go to their families or relatives because they should be evacuated from London where the war was happening. This scene contained various illocutionary act types; assertive, directive, and commissive, and illocutionary forces; ordering, praying, promising, and complaining.
The utterances of 1.Announcer and 2.Mrs.Pevensiewere the ordering illocutionary forces. Ordering is the asking expression of someone who has an authority to others to do something to him and it is a must. Ordering is the illocutionary forces of directive illocutionary act types. Directive is speech act that is to cause the hearer to take a particular action, e.g. requests, commands and
advice. Both of those utterances were intended to deliver the important information for the hearers and the hearers should do those utterances. Announcer delivered the information about the important of identification papers to the passengers in order they would arrive in their right destination. The announcer had the authority to order all the passengers and their parents to re-check the passengers’ identification card before leaving the train station. And this was the task of announcer in that train station; therefore, it was suitable as the example of ordering illocutionary force.
Whereas, 2. Mrs.Pevensie’s utterance was also the example of ordering illocutionary force in this scene since Mrs.Pevensie had an authority to her own children to order them checking their identification card before leaving the train station. In addition, she wanted to make sure that all her children had kept those identification papers well as the announcement which was delivered by the announcer few minutes ago. Moreover, she wanted her children were always together. Therefore, those utterances were suitable as the examples of directive illocutionary act type and ordering illocutionary forces.
While the utterances of 3. Edmund and 10. Peter were the examples of praying illocutionary forces. Praying is the expression of speaking to God in order to thank or to ask help. It is similar with saying a wish or hope to God. And praying is one of the forces of directive illocutionary act type. Based on the praying definition, 3. Edmund’s utterance was the expression of his hope that there was not a war in his country, therefore he and his family should not evacuate to the safe place and separate with his parents. However, it was impossible to be true that time. Since the war was happening and they were in unsafe situation. Hence, it was only Edmund’s wish. This conversation was between Edmund and his brother, Peter, and both of them were main characters in this movie.
Whereas 10. Peter’s utterance also was the expression of a wish that everything was going to be alright soon. This conversation was between two main characters, Lucy and Peter. In addition, Peter was the oldest brother and he had a
responsible to keep their little sister and brother well. He did want their family felt sad or uncomfortable of anything. He wanted to be a kind oldest brother. In this case, that utterance was delivered to his little sister; Lucy, in order she felt more comfortable since she should go to another place without mother. And Peter tried to make his little sister was sincere with that condition. Therefore, those utterances were suitable as directive illocutionary act type and praying illocutionary act forces.
The utterance of 6. Peter was the illocutionary act types of commissive and promising illocutionary force. Commissive is a speech act that commits a speaker to some future action, e.g. promises and oaths. And promising is the expression of saying definitely that the speaker will do or not do something or that something will happen. This conversation was between Peter and his mother, Mrs.Pevensie. It was the response of Mrs.Pevensie’s utterance that he would do his mother’s utterance before. As the first children, Peter wanted to be a good brother for his family and he wanted to keep his family as his ability. Therefore, that utterance was suitable as the expression of promising illocutionary act force.
The last of illocutionary act types and forces in this scene was assertive illocutionary act type and complaining illocutionary force. And the utterance of it was 8. Edmund. It was the assertive illocutionary act type since it was the utterance which committed a speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition and it was the expression of complaining because Edmund did not interest with his older brother in that situation. In case, it was in the crowded train station and the conversation between two main characters; Edmund and Peter. In this case, Edmund was helped by Peter in getting on the train. Peter tried to keep Edmund well, however, Edmund disagreed with it and he thought that it was seemed as a little weak boy who could not do anything well. He wanted to show that he could do it by himself. Therefore, it was the complaining expression in this scene.
Then you see CairParavel, and horns blowing. The coronation of the Pevensies began. They walk up the aisle happily, and stand next to their cool chairs.
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12. Aslan : Bring forth the crowns! (Tumnus and Mr. Beaver bring out the
crowns)
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13. Aslan : (As they put on her crown) To the glistening eastern sea, I
give you Queen Lucy the Valiant. To the great western woods, (puts his crown on) King Edmund the Just. To the radiant southern sun, (puts crown on) Queen Susan the Gentle. (crown put on) And to the clear northern skies, King Peter the Magnificent. Once a king or Queen of Narnia, always a king or queen.(Declaration - Declaring)
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14. Everyone : Long live King Peter! Long live Queen Susan! Long live King
Edmund! And long live Queen Lucy! (Expressive – Congratulating)
Aslan walking on the beach in the sunset Lucy runs out to the balcony and sees him walking away
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15. Tumnus : We'll see him again.
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16. Lucy : When?
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17. Tumnus : In time...you mustn't press him; He isn't a tame lion...
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18. Lucy : No, but he's good...
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19. Tumnus : Here (pulling a hankie from his person) I think you need this
more than I do.
She takes it and sees that Aslan has disappeared and begins to cry softly, her and Tumnus hold hands as she looks into the sunset.
It was the scene where the result of those children’s struggle in defeating the Witch and also the important event for Narnia people who had waited the peace life in Narnia. For more than one hundred Narnia was in White Witch’s control; the wonderful life was gone and one by one of Narnian people was chased, jailed and changed into a stone statue by her magic stick. Therefore, all of them were very glad and thanked to those children, because of their struggle in defeating the Witch, they could be safe for doing anything in Narnia. And it was the great event which those children would receive their own crowns as the kings and queens of
Narnia.
This scene was also contained the illocutionary acts. The utterance of 13.Aslan was the illocutionary acts. The type of it was declaration. Declaration is a speech act that changes the reality in accord with the proposition of the
declaration, e.g. baptisms, pronouncing someone guilty or pronouncing someone husband and wife. That Aslan’s utterance was changing the reality in Narnia after the battle to defeat the Witch. He declared the new kings and queens of Narnia. And that utterance was the declaring illocutionary force. Declaring is the expression to state something publicly and officially or to make something known in a firm, clear way. In addition, Aslan did this declaration in front of all Narnian people in firm and clear way because it was the result of the battle.
Another illocutionary act in this movie was expressive. Expressive is a speech act that speech act that expresses on the speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the proposition, e.g. congratulations, excuses and thanks. It was the utterance of 14. Everyone in that castle. That utterance had the illocutionary force; congratulating. Congratulating is the expression of to tell somebody that others pleased about something have done. It was suitable as the congratulating illocutionary force since those children had tried bravely and sincerely in defeating the Witch and they also retreat the peace, safe and wealth life forever.
Based on the data analysis and discussion previously presented, there were two points to be concluding relating to the problem of this research; first, there were five illocutionary act types found in this movie script of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe based on the theory of Austin (1962) and Searle (1979). And the second conclusion wasthe forces of illocutionary acts which were found in this movie script as follows: ordering, praying, promising, complaining, declaring, and congratulating. Those illocutionary forces were in different scenes of this movie script. The scenes were Train Station, and CairParavel. Those scenes were selected as the representative data of this electronic journal. The illocutionary forces were in Train Station scene were ordering, praying, promising, and complaining.And the illocutionary forces of CairParavel scene were declaring and congratulating. Both scenes were selected as the representative data since they had the important part of the movie script; Train Station scene was the beginning of those children’s experience in Narnia. They entered that world through the big wardrobe in Professor
Kirke’s house where they stayed during the war in London. And the CairParavel was the last scene in this movie script that those children got the award for their struggling in defeating the White Witch in the battle.
Anonim.2012e. Definition of Illocutionary Act. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Illocutionary).act.
Austin, J. L. 1962. How to Do Things with Words. New York: Oxford University Press.
Levinson, C. Stephen. 1987. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Searle, J.R. 1969.Speech Act: An Essay in the Philosophy of Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Searle, J.R. 1979.Expression and Meaning: Studies in Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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