ISSN: 2302-920X

Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud

Vol 16.3 September 2016: 280 - 284

The Analysis Of Illocutionary Act In A Movie Entitled “Twelve Years A Slave”

Yasinta Nyoman Mariantini1*, I Made Suastra2, Luh Putu Laksminy3 123English Department Faculty Of Arts, Udayana University 1[[email protected]] 2[[email protected]]

3

3[[email protected]]

Corresponding Author

Abstrak

Mengetahui maksud atau tujuan dari sebuah ujaran dalam percakapan merupakan aspek yang penting dalam berkomunikasi .Dalam menganalisis makna atau maksud dari suatu ujaran, terutama dalam bahasa inggris, sangat penting untuk mengetahui fungsi dan konteks dari percakapan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe tindak ilokusi yang ditemukan di film “Twelve Years a Slave”. Maksud atau tujuan dari ujaran yang ditemukan diinterpretasikan menurut teori tindak tutur yang dikemukakan oleh Searle (1979) dan teori konteks situasi yang dikemukakan oleh Halliday (1989). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada lima tipe tindak ilokusi, yaitu “representatif”, “direktif”, “ekspresif”, “komisif” dan “deklarasi”. Maksud atau tujuan dari tipe tindak ilokusi tersebut adalah “mendesak, meyakinkan dan menuntut”, “memerintah dan meminta”, “mengancam dan menjanjikan”, “memberi selamat dan menyatakan ketidaksukaan”, serta “mengucilkan dan menghukum".

Kata Kunci: makna, ilokusi, konteks.

  • 1.    Background of the Study

Identify the intention of an utterance in communication is important in order to achieve a communicative communication. In doing a conversation, the speaker will always try to convey information, ideas or thoughts to the hearer. Hence, it is important to study about the intention of an utterance by analyzing the function and the situational context of communication.

  • 2.    Problems of the Study

The problems formulated in this study are:

  • a)    What types of illocutionary act are found in “Twelve Years a Slave” movie?

  • b)    What is the intended meaning of the illocutionary act in the movie “Twelve Years a Slave”?

  • 3.    Aims of the Study

The aims of this study are as follows:

  • a)    To find out types of illocutionary act in “Twelve Years a Slave” movie

  • b)    To find out types of illocutionary act in “Twelve Years a Slave” movie

  • 4.    Research Method

The data used in this study was taken from the movie Twelve Years a Slave. The analysis was focus on the utterances of the characters and the context in which the conversation is happened.

In collecting the data, the study used documentation method. The techniques were done by watching and reading the movie scripts. Then, the utterances were classified based on the situational context and illocutionary act.

In analyzing the data, qualitative method was used in this study, with some steps of analyzing the data. First, the illocutionary acts were analyze by using the Speech Acts theory, specifically Illocutionary act proposed by Searle (1979). This analysis was supported by the analysis of situational context proposed by Halliday (1989). Then, the intention of utterances were interpreted based on the analysis of situational context on lllocutionary Acts.

  • 5.     Result and Discussion

To analyze the intended meaning found in “Twelve Years a Slave” movie, it is important to find out the function of its utterance by using Speech Act theory proposed by Searle (1979) and Situational context theory by Halliday (1989).

  • 5.1    Analysis of Representatives Illocutionary Acts

Representatives illocutionary acts are types of act to state what the speaker believes to be the case or not. It is an act that represents what the speaker believes. The examples of representatives illocutionary acts are;

  • •     Solomon : Master Tibeats wants to whip me for using the nails you

    give me

The utterance above has the intended meaning of insisting

  • •     Solomon : And I promise you - I promise upon my liberation I

    will have satisfaction for this wrong.

The utterance above has the intended meaning of claiming

  • •     Radburn : Rags and Tetters

The utterance above has the intended meaning of asserting

  • 5.2    Analysis of Directive Illocutionary Acts

Directive illocutionary acts are types of act to ask the addressee to do something. It is an act that used by the speaker to requests the hearer to carry out some actions or to bring out some stated of affair.

  • •     Solomon : Master Ford, you must know; I am not a slave.

The utterance above has the intended meaning of ordering

  • •     Parker     : He is Solomon Northup.

The utterance above has the intended meaning of commanding

  • •     Tibeats          : It's a scheme. Plenty of engineers have schemed

    similarly. The passes are too tight

The utterance above has the intended meaning of ordering

  • 5.3    Analysis of Commisives Illocutionary Acts

Commisive illocutionary acts are types of act to commit the speaker to future action. It had the purpose to commit the speaker to bring about some states of affairs

  • •      Tibeats : My name is John Tibeats, William Ford’s chief

carpenter. You will refer to me as master

The utterance above has the intended meaning of threatening

  • •      Brown       : Forty-three dollars. All to you.

The utterance above has the intended meaning of promising

  • •     Tibeats      : Make them boards flush

The utterance above has the intended meaning of threatening

  • 5.4    Analysis of Expressives Illocutionary Acts

Expressive illocutionary acts are types of act used to express the psychological states which can be statements of pleasure, pain, likes, dislike, joy or sorrow.

  • •     Ford         : Platt, you are a marvel

The utterance above has the intended meaning of congratulating

  • •      Solomon     : Eliza, Eliza, Stop! Stop it!

The utterance above has the intended meaning of expressing dislike

  • •      Patsey       : Do it Platt. Don’t stop until I’m dead

The utterance above has the intended meaning of expressing dislike

  • 5.5    Analysis of Declarations Illocutionary Acts

Declarations illocutionary acts are types of act used to changes the world via the speaker utterances.

  • •     Mrs. Epps : There’ll be none for you, Patsey

The utterance above has the intended meaning of excommunicating

  • •     Mr. Epps : I will rid myself of yah well before I do away with her!

The utterance above has the intended meaning of sentencing

  • 6.     Conclusion

It can be concluded that all types of Illocutionary Acts are found in this study, such as representative, with the intended meaning of insisting, asserting and claiming. The next is directive, with the intended meaning of commanding and ordering. Besides, commisive is also found in this study with the intended meaning of threatening and

promising. Then, there is expressive, with the intended meaning of congratulating and expressing of attitude. The last is declaration, with the intended meaning of excommunicating and sentencing.

  • 7.     Bibliography

Yule, George. 2000. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Searle, John. 1969.Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University.

Searle, John. 1979. Expression and Meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Halliday, M.A.K, RuqaiyaHassan. 1989. Language, Context and Text: Aspect of Language in a social-Semiotic Perspective. Victoria: Deakin University

Austin, J.L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press.

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