Context of Situation in Code Switching Found in the Movie Entitled Check-In Bangkok
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ISSN: 2302-920X
Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unud
2017: Vol 19.1 Mei 2017: 215-221
Context of Situation in Code Switching Found in the Movie Entitled Check-In Bangkok
Ni Wayan Yessy Puspitha Yanthi1*, I Nyoman Sedeng2 , I Wayan
3 Suardhana3
[123]English Department Faculty of Arts – Udayana University 1[yessypuspitha12@gmail.com] 2[nyoman_sedeng@hotmail.com] 3
*Corresponding Author
Abstrak
Penelitian ini berjudul “Analisis Makna kontekstual di Peralihan Kode yang ditemukan di Film Check in Bangkok”. Alih kode dapat ditemukan dalam bentuk tulisan dan lisan baik di koran, majalah, buku, novel, program televisi, radio dan lainnya. Dalam kasus ini, hal itu dapat terjadi antara kalimat (inter-sentensial) atau dalam satu kalimat (intra-sentensial ) dan juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh situasi percakapan. Halliday (1985) menyatakan, penggunaan bahasa memiliki situasi konteks. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis konteks situasi yang mempengaruhi alih kode dalam sumber data.
Data penelitian diambil dari film Indonesia di YouTube yang berjudul “Checkin Bangkok”. Data yang telah dikumpulkan oleh studi pustaka dan metode dokumentasi, diklasifikasikan masing-masing jenis alih kode berdasarkan teori jenis alih kode yang diusulkan oleh Poplack, kemudian data juga dianalisis berdasarkan teori konteks situasi yang diusulkan oleh Holmes.
Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tag, inter-sentensial dan intra-sentensial pada peralihan kode ditemukan dalam sumber data. Sementara itu, untuk konteks situasi faktor yang paling mempengaruhi pembicara untuk menggunakan alih kode adalah pembicara, latar/keadaan, topik dan fungsi/tujuan.
Kata kunci: alih kode, konteks situasi.
Most people in the world speak more than one language. As we know that language is an important aspect in life because language is a system of communication in which consist of sound, words and grammar. In this case, the people who master more than one language are called bilingual or multilingual. The condition where people conducting a communication tend to switch from one code to another, which involve words, phrases or involves several sentences, this is
called code switching (Grosjean, 1982:146). Code switching can occur in conversation between speakers’ turns or a single speakers’ turn. In the case, it can occur between sentences (inter-sentential) or within a single sentence (intra-sentential). According to the explanation above, the movie entitled Check-in Bangkok is chosen because there are many code switching found in the movie itself. It is because the theme in the movie uses the modern life style, as we know that the casts are well educated and one of the actors is from India.
Based on the background above the problems arise as follows:
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1. What types of code switching are found in the Check-in Bangkok movie?
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2. What factors of context of situation that influence the determining the choice of code switching found in the Check-in Bangkok movie?
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1. To classify and describe the types of code switching found in the Check-in Bangkok movie.
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2. To determine and explain factors of context of situation that influence the code switching found in the Check-in Bangkok movie.
The data of the study was taken from the Indonesian movie in YouTube entitled “Check-in Bangkok”. Documentation method is used in collecting the data. this study applied the descriptive qualitative research method. In this case, the theory of code switching that is proposed by Poplack (in Romaine 1989) was used to analyze the types of code switching. This study also used the theory context of situation that is proposed by Holmes (1992:12) to analyze the factors of contextual situation that influence the code switching which are found in the data.
The following examples presents the types of code switching and the factors that influence the speaker to use code switching
Tag-switching is simply the insertion of a tag in one language in an utterance which is entirely in the other language, e.g. you know, I mean, right?. The examples of data analysis as follows.
Table of Data 1. (scene 9, line 99)
|
Papa |
: Yes! tapi dengan satu syarat. |
The type of code switching used in above sentence is considered into tag switching. The tag yes! put in the beginning of the utterance then followed by the Indonesian utterance “tapi dengan satu syarat”. This word has same meaning in Indonesian word “ya”. In this case, according to oxford dictionary fourth edition (2008:518) the word yes means an exclamation which is an answer or a response to show you agree with an idea, a statement. So the speaker switch into English to show an expression of the character.
Inter-sentential switching is described as the switch between sentence boundaries, where one sentence is in one language and the other language. The examples of data analysis as follows.
Table of Data 2. (scene 3, line 15)
|
Renata |
: I miss you too. Enggak kerasa yah udah 2 tahun kita ldr-an. |
The code switching used by the speaker occurs between the sentences boundary. Which firstly, the speaker used English I miss you too then continued by Indonesian Enggak kerasa yah udah 2 tahun kita ldr-an. Therefore, the utterance above is categorized as inter sentential switching. In this case the sentence I miss you too directly used to response the previous statement I miss you. It also used to express someone feeling.
Intra-sentential switching refers to the switching that occurs inside the same clause or sentence which then contains elements of both languages. The examples of data analysis as follows.
Table of Data 3. (scene 12, line 165)
|
Glenn |
: udah udah gak apa-apa lagian cuma hand phone doang. |
The utterance above is categorized into intra sentential, where the switching English phrase appears in the middle sentence. The beginning start from Indonesian udah udah gak apa-apa lagian cuma and appears English phrase in the middle hand phone then followed by Indonesian word doang. The phrase hand phone in the data above can be understood easily in the English form. People nowadays more known the word hand phone than telepon genggam which if it translated into Indonesian because the word hand phone is common used in Indonesian. According to oxford dictionary, the phrase hand phone means a mobile phone.
There are four factors of context of situation influenced the code switching proposed by Holmes (1992:12). Those are the participants: (who or whom?), the setting or social context of the interaction: (where), the topic: (what), the function: (why).
Table of Data 4. (scene 3)
|
Krisna |
: Biasa honey, rutine to office, back to apartment. And you know? I miss you so much. |
|
Renata |
: I miss you too. Nggak kerasa yah udah 2 tahun kita ldr-an. |
|
Krisna |
: Ya honey, sudah 2 tahun aku tinggal di Bangkok. Time runs by so quickly. |
|
Renata |
: I really wish I could be there with you |
Regarding the data above, the factor that influenced the speaker using code switching is participant. It can be seen that Krisnahna used the word honey and he said I miss you so much to Renata and she also replayed by saying I miss you too, because they have been through the long distance relationship for two years. The relationship of them both is between girlfriend and boyfriend. In this case the word honey means to address a person one likes or lover (oxford advance learner’s dictionary (1995:571)). Here the speaker used the inter-sentential switching because they have a close relationship and speak in informal situation.
Table of Data 5. (scene 42)
|
Glenn |
: excuse me two please (he ask for two drink to the waitress |
|
Quin |
: Glenn, aku check ombak dulu ya. |
|
Glenn |
: sippp hati-hati |
In the conversation between Glenn and Quin above show that Quin used intra sentential code switching when he talked to Glenn. The factor that influenced the speaker is the setting, where the conversation take place is in the bar, it can be seen when Glenn said excuse me, two please the utterance means that Glenn asked two drinks to the bartender, in this case Glenn used the phrase excuse me rather than permisi if it translates into Indonesian because he was in Bangkok where most of the people there speaking English.
Table of Data 6. (scene 47)
|
Renata |
: Krisna, what are you talking about? Aku datang kesini itu untuk ketemu sama kamu. |
|
Krisna |
: So, why didn’t you call me ? |
|
Renata |
: Cause I want to give you surprise |
|
Krisna |
: Surprise? Itu sudah you lalukan kemarin, berduaan di hotel. I was so shock. And now I am angry. |
|
Renata |
: But I can explain. Aku datang kesini itu. |
|
Krisna |
: No lie. You know what? Now I Don’t care about you. |
From the conversation above, it can be seen that the factor which influences the speaker to use code switching is related to the topic. Here Renata tries to explain that she comes to Bangkok to meet Krisna, but Krisna did not believe it because Renata did not inform me when she is in Bangkok and he also saw Renata go with Glenn several days before. Renata tells the reason why she did not call him because she wants to give him surprise. Meanwhile, Krisna was angry he said that he was so shocked when he saw Renata go with another boy.
Table of Data 52. (scene 55)
|
Krisna |
: So I was right, then. Renata selingkuh sama you |
|
Glenn |
: No no no. Dia tolak aku waktu aku nyatain cinta sama dia dan dia bilang kalau dia sudah punya pacar. Ya..You. |
|
Krisna |
: You want me to believe in what you’re saying? Someone I even don’t know |
|
Quin |
: Percayalah.. Don Glenn itu bukan orang yang suka bohong. |
In the conversations among Glenn, Krisna and Quinn above, there is factor that influence the speakers used code switching, which is related to the function. It can be influenced by the function because Glenn and Quin came to Krisna’ apartment to clarify something that there was misunderstanding among them Krisna thought that Renata was cheating with Glenn. Then Glenn explained that Renata refused him when he told that he like Renata and said that she has a boyfriend name Krisna. But Krisna did not believe it easily, because he does not know Glenn and Quin. Then Quin tried to persuade Krisna that Glenn is a person who never lies.
Based on the analysis in the previous chapter, the result of this study is that there are so many code switching and also the social factor of context of situation which occur in the Check-in Bangkok movie.
This study analyzed the code switching and context of situation which influenced the speaker uses code switching in the Check-in Bangkok movie. The analysis of this study found in the Check-in Bangkok movie applied all the types of
code switching those are; tag switching, inter-sentential and intra-sentential switching. The code switching that found the most in the movie is intra sentential switching, then inter sentential switching and the last is tag switching.
The context of situation in this study is analyzed based on four social factors those are; the participants: (who or whom?), the setting or social context of the interaction: (where), the topic: (what), the function: (why) and this study found all factors that used in the movie.
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