NOUN PHRASE AND ITS TRANSLATION PROCEDURE IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS
on
ISSN: 2302-920X
E-Jurnal Humanis, Fakultas Sastra dan Budaya Unud
Vol 14.2 Pebruari 2016: 66-72
NOUN PHRASE AND ITS TRANSLATION PROCEDURE IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS
BY
Ni Putu Desi Ratna Pertiwi1, Franciscus Made Brata2, I Nyoman Sedeng3 email: ratnapertiwi88@yahoo.co.id
English Department, Faculty of Letters and Culture Udayana University
Abstrak
Skripsi ini berjudul Noun Phrase and Its Translation Procedure in “The Fault in Our Stars”. Pembahasan dalam skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis frase benda dan prosedur penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam menterjemahkan frase benda dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran. Khususnya, penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana membentuk arti yang setara dari frase benda sebagai bagian dari bahasa dalam dua bahasa yang berbeda dimana keduanya memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Data yang dibutuhkan dalam skripsi ini diambil dari novel yang berjudul “The Fault in Our Stars”. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diidentifikasi and dianalisis berdasarkan jenis frase benda dan prosedur penerjemahan yang digunakan. Data yang dikumpulkan tergolong kualitatif yang dianalisis menggunakan teori prosedur penerjemahan yang dikemukakan oleh Vinay dan Darbelnet (1958), mereka mengemukakan bahwa prosedur penerjemah dibedakan menjadi dua keategori yaitu penerjemahan langsung dan penerjemahan tak langsung.
Skripsi ini menunjukkan bahwa frase benda dapat dikategorikan sebagai frase benda sederhana dan frase benda kompleks. Enam dari tujuh prosedur penerjemah dapat ditemukan dalam data yaitu, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, dan adaptation. Sedangkan, borrowing tidak ditemukan karena hanya dapat ditemukan di tingkat kata, bukan frase.
Kata kunci : Frase benda, Prosedur Penerjemah, Penerjemahan langsung, Penerjemahan tak langsung, Kesetaraan dalam penerjemahan
The noun phrases used by the speaker of a language can be either simple or complex ones. As noun phrase is part of a language, it has particular rules in constructing it which can be different from one language to another. This can become a challenge when someone needs to translate certain noun phrase from source language into target language. He/she has to find words in the target language which is natural and represent the meaning of the source language. In doing so, translator has particular
techniques which he/she considers appropriate to be applied. It is interesting to see how English noun phrases, either simple or complex ones, are translated into Indonesian Language as both of the languages have different characteristics. They differ in terms of vocabulary and rules. Based on this phenomenon, this thesis was mainly conducted to find out the types of English noun phrases and how they are translated into Indonesian Language as the target language.
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a. What types of noun phrases are found in the novel of The Fault in Our Stars?
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b. What translation procedures are applied in translating the noun phrase found in the novel of The Fault in Our Stars into Indonesian Language?
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a. To classify the types of noun phrases found in the novel of The Fault in Our Stars.
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b. To describe the translation procedures applied in translating the noun phrases found in the novel of The Fault in Our Stars into Indonesian Language.
There are three important points regarding research methods. They are data source, method and technique of collecting data, and method of technique of analysing data.
The data needed for this thesis were obtained from two novels entitled The Fault in Our Stars. The novels were taken from English and Indonesian version. The English version was written by John Green as a source language published in 2012 by Penguin Group in 318 pages. Furthermore, the Indonesian version was translated by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno published in 2012 by Qanita in 422 pages.
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4.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data
To obtain the data needed for the discussion, documentation method was applied with several techniques. The first technique is reading technique in which the novel was read from the beginning. The second technique is marking technique. Then, the data were classified using table that consists of several columns indicating the noun phrase of the source language, the noun of the target language, the types of noun phrase and the procedure applied in translating the source language into the target language.
The data that had been input into computer were analysed by applying qualitative method. The data were firstly analysed based on its types; the explanation of why a particular noun phrase is given by providing explanation on the modification possessed by the noun phrase itself. Then, the translation procedure applied were analysed by looking at the noun phrase and its Indonesian translation.
This section provides analysis of noun phrase and the procedure applied to translate it into the target language. To find out and explain the translation procedure used, theory proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) was applied.
(01) It occured to me why they call it eye contact (Green, 2012)
From the category of noun phrase, “eye contact” is categorised as simple noun phrase as it only consists of pre-modifier and head noun. In this phrase, ‘eye’ acts as the modifier; while ‘contact’ acts as the head of the noun phrase. Since the modifier precedes the head, it is called pre-modifier. It can also be noticed that the modifier is a noun. This means this noun phrase indicates noun that modifies another noun.
From the view point of the translation procedure, the translation procedure applied is direct translation procedure, particularly lexical calque. As direct translation, the data above show lexical parallelism, in which all elements of the source language can be appropriately translated in the target language. Specifically, by lexical calque, it means the target language borrows source language expression by translating its element literally. Furthermore, it can be seen that there is an adjustment in the case of the structure. In the source language, the modifier precedes the head; while in the target language it follows the head. In other words, there is a reverse structure happening in
this case. This also indicates that the source language is translated by respecting the common structure recognized in the target language. Therefore, the category of calque occurs in this data is that of lexical calque.
(02) I found a bench surrounded by an Irish Gifts store, the Fountain Pen Emporium, and a baseball-cap-outlet-a corner of the mall even Kaitlyn would never shop, and started reading Midnight Dawns. (Green, 2012)
“a bench surrounded by an Irish Gifts store” is considered to be complex noun phrase since it consists of pre-modification, head, and post modification. The premodification is indicated by the determiner ‘a’ which is specifically belongs to indefinite article. The head of this noun phrase is the word ‘bench’. Meanwhile, the post modification is signified by ‘surrounded by an Irish Gift Store”. The constituent “surrounded by an Irish Gift Store” can be considered to be non-finite constituent: “which is surrounded by an Irish Gift Store” as it is not affected by the tenses.
This phrase is translated literally into target language as “sebuah bangku yang dikelilingi toko cendera mata Irlandia”. The words in the source language can be appropriately represented by the words available in the target language. The article ‘a’ is translated into ‘sebuah’, ‘bench’ becomes ‘bangku’. Meanwhile, “surrounded by an Irish Gift Store” is translated into “yang dikelilingi toko cendera mata Irlandia”. This condition suggests that the meaning indicated in the source language can be expressed properly as the target language provides words that are considered to be the equivalence of the source language. Besides, the grammar, in this case the structure of the source language, can be considered parallel to that of the target language. It can be illustrated with the figure below
a bench surrounded by an Irish
Gifts store
Sebuah Bangku yang dikelilingi oleh toko
cendera mata Irlandia
From the figure above, it can be viewed that the source language text is translated grammatically and idiomatically appropriate in the target language. That is why the translation procedure applied is considered being direct translation, precisely literal translation procedure.
The analysis of the data in the previous chapter disclosed several essential inference deducted from this study. It can be concluded that both basic and complex types of noun phrasesare found in the data source of the novel The Fault in Our Stars, although not each and every noun phrase discovered in the novel, either complex or basic is analyzed, all of which are taken as the samples here are the representatives that convey how a noun phrase is utilized. Due to the features of the basic noun phrase being much simplistic and unadorned, the occurence of the basic noun phrase themselves are much more common and frequent compared to the complex ones, which prevailed noticeably less. It is also noteworthy that the difference in frequency of occurence is quite significant in numbers.
The noun phrases found are translated by using several procedures, they are: calque and literal translation which belongs to direct translation procedure and transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation which belongs to oblique translation. Direct translation procedure indicates there is parallelism in terms of either the lexicon or the structure or both of them. Thus, the translation can be made grammatically and idiomatically appropriate. Meanwhile, oblique translation procedure indicates the existence of gap between the source and target language which makes the translator has to do some efforts as adding additional information to make the meaning of the source language easier to catch or finding more idiomatic or natural expression in the target language to transfer the meaning indicated by the source language.
It can be concluded that both the identification of the noun phrase as well as the analysis of translation procedures are both substantial keys necessary to exert in order to conduct a translation with acceptable equivalence and plausible accuracy. The analysis of both identification of the noun phrase and the procedures of translation had proven that the importance of neither could not be neglected. Slight changes of the translation
into the target language is sometimes unavoidable as translations went through the intricate steps and a plethora of process in order to find the equivalent meaning that is both culturally acceptable and comprehensively accurate.
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