TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOM INTO INDONESIAN WITH REFERENCE TO NOVEL NEW MOON
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TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOM INTO INDONESIAN WITH REFERENCE TO NOVEL NEW MOON
BY:
I GST AGUNG PT JULIANTA PRATAMA ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND CULTURE UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
Abstrak
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari idiom kerap dijumpai. Hampir setiap bahasa di dunia memiliki idiom. Khususnya untuk idiom bahasa inggris yang sangat beragam, keberagaman tersebut seringkali menghambat individu dalam berkomunikasi atau menginterpretasi suatu teks bahasa Inggris. Hal tersebut dikarenakan keterbatasan pengetahuan individu terhadap idiom bahasa inggris. Idiom seperti seni dalam berbahasa, karena butuh pengetahuan lebih dalam mencerna suatu idiom,ada beberapa konsep idiom yang tidak diketahui dibahasa target hal inilah yang membuatnya menarik dan menggoda untuk diteliti. Data idiom yang dianalsis dalam tulisan ini diambil dari novel New Moon karya dari Stephenie Meyer, novel ini dipilih karena banyak menggunakan idiom dalam penulisannya, yang merupakan pembahsan utama dalam penelitian ini. Data yang ditemukan dalam novel akan diklasifikasi dengan teori dari Larson. Dan teknik terjemahan akan diperiksa menggunakan teori dari Molina dan Albir. Hasilnya ditemukan dua tipe dari Larson yaitu: Generic Word With A Descriptive phrase dan cultural substitute, selain itu ditemukan bahwa 6 teknik terjemahan dari Molina dan Albir yaiut: Literal Translation, Transposition, Adaptation, Generalization, Particularization, Modulation.
Kata kunci: idiom, terjemahan, konsep idiom tak dikenal
Translation is a study that is so important because that can help us understand different languages. The word “translation” is derived from the Latin translation (which itself comes from trans- and fero, together meaning “to carry across” or “to bring across”). Translation is a process of transferring message from the source language into the target language. And, the messages must be understood by the readers.
There are many types of translation techniques, one of them is idiomatic translation. The idiomatic translations is a complicated process when a translator transfers the meaning from Source Language to Target Language, because all languages have idioms, idioms represent the culture of the language in unique style. Therefore, the translator has to learn and deeply understand the two of the languages.
In this writing the type of idiom by Larson is used to classify the unknown concept of idiom. When the concept to be translated refers to something which is not known in the target language culture, there are three basic alternative ways a translator can find an equivalent expression in the target language. (Larson, 1984: 179-193). These are a generic word with a descriptive phrase, a loan word, and a cultural substitute.
There are two problems when analyze the novel:
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1. What types of idiom are used to translate the unknown concept of idiom in the novel entitled “New Moon”?
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2. What kinds of techniques of translations are applied in the process of translation in the novel entitled “New Moon” into “New Moon”?
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3. Aims of the Study
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1. To discover the types of idioms used in New Moon English version and New Moon Indonesian version.
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2. To find out the translation technique used to translate the English idioms into Indonesian in the novel New Moon.
The Idioms taken from the English novel entitled New Moon and its Indonesian translation entitled New Moon (2006) by Stephenie Meyer and the translation in Indonesian novel done by Monica Dwi Chresnayani (2008). The consideration of choosing this novel is that this bestseller novel contains a lot of idioms.
The method applied in this study was library research method. Which means the data were collected through some techniques: reading, identifying, note
taking, and classifying the idioms used both in the English novel and its translation
Qualitative method was used to analyze the data, because it is based predominantly on non-numerical data. For that reason, the analysis was done through qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is a research procedure, which produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words about the people and behaviors that can be observed (Bogdan and Taylor 1975). The Larson theory is used to answer the first problem and the translation techniques theory proposed by Molina and Albir is used to answer the second problem.
After an intensive reading of the novel, it was found that approximately there were 127 Idioms founded in the novel New Moon. According to Larson idioms could be divided by 3 there are: a generic word with a descriptive phrase, a loan word, and a cultural substitute. But in this writing only 2 were found.
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5.1.1 . A Generic Word With A Descriptive phrase
I promised, surreptitiously crossing my fingers under the table (194).
… janjiku, diam-diam menyilangkan jariku di bawah meja. (p.210)
Literal
According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (Hornby, 2005: 366)
the idiom crossing my fingers means “hoping for good luck”, and from Oxford
Idiom Dictionary crossing my fingers means “hoping that something will be successful; wish somebody good luck” also in Dictionary of Idiom (Linda and Roger Flavell, 2006: 123) Crossing my finger means “to hope for a happy outcome” which is similar to the Oxford Dictionary.
Crossing my fingers hoping for good luck/to hope for a happy outcome
From the meaning above the generic word is wish or hope, in the source language culture, crossing one’s finger is a quick and easy way of making sign of the cross to shield oneself from diabolic power. But, In Indonesian culture, when people want to make a wish or hoping they do in other way. Not by crossing their finger, but somehow by stick flat of the hand together and make a wish or even praying and many more way to wishing or praying to the God. The function is the same but in a very different form between the source language and the receptor language, due to the culture, and the habit of both languages. The translator should use modifies with a statement of function technique, But in this case the translator much prefer the form of the idiom than the function.
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“I feel fine.” He shrugged. “Fit as a fiddle.” (p.216) |
“aku merasa baik-baik saja.” Dia mengangkat bahu. “Sehat walafiat.” (p.233) |
Modulation |
The word “fit” means “healthy and strong, especially because you do
regular physical exercise” and the word “fiddle” means “to keep touching or moving something with your hands, especially because you are bored or nervous.” It would make that the result could not understand by the reader.
According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (Hornby, 2005: 582),
the idiom fit as a fiddle means “in very good physical condition”. And from
Dictionary of Idiom (Linda and Roger Flavell, 2006: 120) fit as a fiddle means “on top form, in excellent health”. Also from Oxford Idiom Dictionary (2001: 124) fit as a fiddle means “very healthy and active”
Fit as a fiddle. in very good physical condition
From those dictionaries, we know the meaning of this idiom. Comparing the result in the Indonesian version “New Moon” novel, the idiom translated by changing the form, but the function is the same like in the English version “New Moon” novel. From the result, the translator used cultural substitutes technique when translated this idiom.
There are several technique by Molina and Albir’s theories applied in the Novel New Moon: Literal Translation, Transposition, Adaptation, Generalization, Particularization, Modulation. it will be described only one technique in this writing.
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I promised, surreptitiously crossing my fingers under the table (194). |
… janjiku, diam-diam menyilangkan jariku di bawah meja. (p.210) |
Literal |
The example above does not change the pattern of the translation result in the target language. It can be equated with the literal translation or word-by-word translation. Translation of this type can be easily done, because usually the form is the same. But the literal translation techniques have drawbacks, the meaning of
the text was translated with literal techniques, sometimes cannot be understood or the messages from the source language cannot be transferred in the target language.
Therefore, the translator must have some reasons when translating the idiom by using literal translation technique, in this case, the translator paying more attention to the form than the function of the text.
After an intensive reading and analysis, there are two types of idiom that used for translating the unknown concept of the idiom in the novel New Moon, there are: Modifying the generic word Cultural substitute.
Molina and Albir’s translation technique applied in translating the unknown concept of idiom, there are: Literal Translation, Transposition, Adaptation, Generalization, Particularization, and Modulation.
In addition, idiom is state of the art part in the language. The meaning is really interesting and beautifying the style of a text of a language. The dictionary of idiom has a big contribution to this writing because without dictionary of idiom, we will never know the real meaning of an idiom. If the translator does not know the meaning of idiom from the source language, it is impossible to make a good translation result in the receptor language.
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http://erudit.org/revue/meta/2002/v47/n4/008033ar.pdf
Monica Dwi Chresnayani. 2008. New Moon (Dua Cinta). Jakarta : PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama
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