THE TYPES OF IDIOM AND THEIR MEANING IN MAROON 5’S HANDS ALL OVER ALBUM
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THE TYPES OF IDIOM AND THEIR MEANING IN MAROON 5’S
HANDS ALL OVER ALBUM
By
I PUTU WIDI ANTARA
FACULTY OF LETTERS UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
Abstrak
Studi ini berjudul “The Types of Idiom and Their Meaning in Maroon 5’s Hands All Over Album”. Data dari studi ini diambil dari album Maroon 5 yang berjudul “hands All Over”. Studi ini menganalisis dan menentukan jenis-jenis idiom beserta makna dari masing-masing idiom tersebut. Pemilihan studi tentang idiom ini didasarkan karena penentuan makna dari tiap ungkapan tidak bisa hanya mengartikan ungkapan tersebut secara harfiah, melainkan membutuhkan penalaran makna secara menyeluruh dari isi lagu tersebut. Ada dua teori yang digunakan dalam studi ini, yakni teori jenis-jenis ungkapan oleh Palmer yang diambil dari ‘Semantic: a New Outline” (1976) dan juga teori makna oleh Leech, Meaning and English Verb (1985). Ditemukan 2 jenis idiom di dalam album yang telah di analisis, mereka adalah prepositional verb dan partial idiom, sedangkan jenis makna yang ditemukan hanya conceptual meaning, affective meaning dan connotative meaning.
Kata kunci: bahasa figuratif, idiom, ekspresi ungkapan
Many people are often confused when they are listening to song in English expression; there are some expressions whose meanings are not easy to be interpreted. Even though they understand every single of the words, but it is still difficult to grasp what the sentence means. Those expressions could be idioms. Idioms are expressions of at least two words which cannot be understood literally and which function as a semantic (Larson: 1984). It means an idiom is a number of words which are joined together, which means something different from the meaning of the separate words that make them up. In general, idioms can be classified into phrasal verb, prepositional phrase and partial idiom.
Being interested in the study of idioms especially the idioms that can be found in the song lyrics, this study analyzes the idioms used particularly in the song lyrics of Maroon 5, the song was taken from their album “Hands All Over”. The theme of the song written by Maroon 5 is about love. In writing a song, Maroon 5 used many figurative languages including the idiom to express his feeling about pain and love around him, and some of his song is to express admiration to legendary Mick Jagger.
In analyzing the song lyrics there are some problems that can be formulated related to the use of idioms in the song lyrics of Maroon 5: Hands All Over album which is follows:
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1. What types of the idioms can be identified in the song lyrics of Maroon 5’s Hands All over album?
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2. What are the meaning of idioms that are found in Maroon 5: Hands All Over album ?
The aim of this study is focused on :
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1. To find the types of idioms in the song lyrics of Maroon 5: Hands All Over album.
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2. To analyze the meaning of idioms found in the song lyrics of Maroon 5: Hands All Over reflects the message of the song.
The research method used in writing this paper was classified into three parts:
The data of this study were taken from Maroon 5’ album: Hands All Over. Those songs are Misery, Give a Little More, Stutter, Don’t Know Nothing, Never Gonna Leave This Bed, I Can’t Lie, Hands All Over, How, Get Back in My Life, Just a Feeling, Runaway, Out of Goodbyes, and Moves Like Jagger.
The data were collected by library research method using note taking and documentation methods. The first thing that was done was reading the source and understanding each lyric in the song. The second step would be to note every word or phrase which were identified to be idioms found in the lyrics so that those notes would be analyzed further.
The data were analyzed qualitatively based on the theory of types of idiom proposed by Palmer and theory of meaning proposed by Leech. . The process of the data analysis icludes ; the collected data are checked to the sources which provide the information and list of English idioms. The idioms are categorized according to their types. The types of idiom would be determined based on the theory of Idioms proposed by Palmer (1976), and then the analysis of English idioms are found also includes the analysis of the meaning. The types of meaning are also categorized based on the theory proposed by Leech (1974).
The analysis in this study starts with the types of idiom first and then followed by the analysis of their meaning. The analysis of idioms found in this album are hoped to answer the problems about the types of idioms and the meaning of idiomatic expressions found in the song lyrics of this album.
According to Palmer in his book: Semantic: A New Outline (1976), idioms could be divided into three types: phrasal verb, prepositional verb, and partial idiom. But in this analysis, only two types of idioms are analyzed since they are the most common idioms occurs in this study. They are prepositional verbs and partial idioms. The idioms below were taken from the selected song lyrics of Maroon 5.
A prepositional verb is a group of multi-word verbs composed from a verb plus another word or words. Many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs.. It’s the sequences of verb plus adverb and there are also the sequences of verb plus preposition, such as go for which means attack and look after which means care. The examples of verb, adverb and preposition are ‘put up with’ which means tolerate and ‘do away’ which mean killing. Those words are not fixed collocation idioms so that they cannot stand alone, they need to be followed by a complete sentence.
There are several prepositional verbs found in this album, as follows: falling in, walking down, go ahead, looking for, look in, knock on, laying in, turn around, get along, move on, and look into.
Partial idiom is an idiom in which one of the words has its usual meaning; the other has a meaning that is peculiar to the particular sequence. We can find an example in red hair which refers to hair, but not hair that is red in strict color terms.
There were thirtteen partial idioms found in this album, such as : your faith is shakin’, you were wrong for turning me on, a fantasy girl, hard time in proving you right, perfection on your face, the bitter chill of winter, put your hands all over me, cut out all the noise, your whisper so clear, lying in the dark no sunshine, at 4am when the sweats set in, storm brewing in his eyes, take me by the tongue.
After the types of idiom have been analyzed, the analysis would be continued to their meaning. The theory used is the theory of meaning proposed by Leech (1974) which is conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, reflective meaning, collocative meaning, and thematic meaning. But there were only three
idioms that are applicable in this study, such as : conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, and affective meaning.
The Conceptual meaning (sometimes called ‘denotative’ or ‘cognitive’ meaning) is widely assumed to be the central factor in linguistic communication. Conceptual meaning deals with the core meaning of expression. It is the denotative or literal meaning. It is essential for the functional language. For example, a part of the conceptual meaning of “Needle” may be “thin”, “sharp” or “instrument”. The conceptual meaning is the base for all the other types of meaning.
There are seven expression that could be classified as conceptual meaning, they were : look into, waiting for, falling in, turn around, laying on, get in, and look in.
Affective meaning is a sort of meaning which can reflect the personal feelings of the speakers, including his attitude to the listener, or his attitude to something he is talking about. For example You’re a vicious tyrant and villainous reprobate, and I hate you for it! (Leech, 1974:18). Someone who is addressed with the previous example, without much doubt, understand about the feeling of the speaker.
There is only one expression that suit affective meaning, that is put your hands all over me.
Connotative meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. It is something that goes beyond mere referent of a word and hints at its attributes in the real world. Thus purely conceptual content of ‘woman’ is + human + female + adult but the psychological connotations could be ‘gregarious’, having maternal instinct’ or typical attributes of
womanhood such as ‘babbling’, ‘experienced in cookery’, ‘skirt or dress wearing’, etc.
Connotative meaning is the most common type of meaning that occured, since most idioms cannot be predicted by looking up the literal meaning, such as: your faith is shakin’, you were wrong for turning me on, a fantasy girl, hard time in proving you right, perfection on your face, the bitter chill of winter, out all the noise, your whisper so clear, lying in the dark no sunshine, at 4am when the sweats set in, storm brewing in his eyes, take me by the tongue, etc.
Based on the analysis in the previous chapter, it could be concluded that Maroon 5’s album entitled “Hands All Over” have been composed using some idioms. Among the thirteen songs in the album, there are some idioms which could be found in each single song. There are two types of idiom found after analyzing data. They are prepositional verb and partial idiom. Preposotional verb includes the combination of verb plus preposition which was found in each of this album songs except in Never Gonna Leave This Bed. The prepositional verbs found in the song lyrics totaled thirteen prepositional verbs, such as laying on, falling in, walking down, go ahead, looking for, fall into, look in, laying in, turn around, get along, move on, look into, and get in.
The second type of idiom is partial idiom. Partial idiom is an idiom in which one has its usual meaning, while the other has the meaning that is peculiar to a particular sequence. The partial idiom found in the song lyrics totaled thirteen partial idioms, such as : your faith is shakin’, you were wrong for turning me on, a fantasy girl, hard time in proving you right, perfection on your face, the bitter chill of winter, put your hands all over me, cut out all the noise, your whisper so clear, lying in the dark no sunshine, at 4am when the sweats set in, storm brewing in his eyes, take me by the tongue
In Maroon 5’s song lyrics, based on the theory of meaning, there were only three meanings of idioms applicable in this study; They are conceptual meaning, affective meaning, and connotative meaning. There were eight expressions that could be classified as conceptual meaning, they are : look into, waiting for, falling in, knock on, turn around, laying on, get in, and look in.
According to the meaning analysis, there is only one expression that suit affective meaning, that is put your hands all over me. The connotative meaning is the most common type of meaning that occurs, since most of idiomatic expressions cannot be predicted by looking up the literal meaning of the words into the dictionary. For example: your faith is shakin’, you were wrong for turning me on, a fantasy girl, hard time in proving you right, perfection on your face, the bitter chill of winter, out all the noise, your whisper so clear, lying in the dark no sunshine, at 4am when the sweats set in, storm brewing in his eyes, take me by the tongue, etc.
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