https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/linguistika/

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/ling.2023.v30.i01.p07

LINGUISTIKA, MARET 2023

p-ISSN: 0854-9613 e-ISSN: 2656-6419

Vol. 30 No.1

The Interferences of Acehnese to Indonesian Used by Shopkeepers in Medan Johor District

  • 1Wan Siti Balqis, 2Mayasari

Abstract-- This is a research which discuses interference. Language interference is the language phenomenon common in bilingual speakers. It is one of bilingualism aspects that occurs on the level of structure and cultural sense whether oral or written, especially when somebody is learning his or her second language. The main problem in this research is what kind of interference is found in shopkeepers and how is the form of interference from Acehnese language to Indonesian in several shops in Medan Johor district. Interference refers to a deviation in using a language by including another language system. The method used is descriptive qualitative which describes a situation in the form of words that are analyzed orally and writing and consider the opinions of other people called sources. As the result of the research, it can be concluded that the interference of the Acehnese language to Indonesian speech that occurs in the conversations of buying and selling transactions in several stores in the Medan Johor district includes morphological interference, and syntactic interference. Factors that cause Aceh language interference to Indonesian speech in Medan Johor District, especially in some traders include intralinguistic is related to the language itself while extralinguistics includes individual factors and socio-cultural factors.

Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Interference, Acehnese Language, Utterances.

Abstrak -- Ini adalah penelitian yang membahas tentang interferensi. Interferensi bahasa merupakan fenomena bahasa yang umum terjadi pada penutur bilingual. Hal tersebut merupakan salah satu aspek kedwibahasaan yang terjadi pada tataran struktur dan pengertian budaya baik lisan maupun tulisan, terutama ketika seseorang sedang mempelajari bahasa keduanya. Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah gangguan seperti apa yang ditemukan pada pemilik toko dan bagaimana bentuk gangguan bahasa Aceh ke bahasa Indonesia di beberapa toko di kecamatan Medan Johor. Interferensi mengacu pada penyimpangan penggunaan suatu bahasa dengan memasukkan sistem bahasa lain. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang menggambarkan suatu keadaan berupa kata-kata yang dianalisis secara lisan dan tulisan serta mempertimbangkan pendapat orang lain yang disebut sumber. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa interferensi bahasa Aceh terhadap tuturan bahasa Indonesia yang terjadi pada percakapan transaksi jual beli di beberapa toko di kecamatan Medan Johor meliputi interferensi morfologi, dan interferensi sintaksis. Faktor penyebab terjadinya interferensi bahasa Aceh pada tuturan bahasa Indonesia di Kecamatan Medan Johor khususnya pada beberapa pedagang antara lain intralinguistik berkaitan dengan bahasa itu sendiri sedangkan ekstralinguistik meliputi faktor individu dan faktor sosial budaya.

Kata Kunci— Sosiolinguistik, Interferensi, Bahasa Aceh, Ujaran.

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  • 1.    Introduction

Language is very important to human beings to communicate with other human beings, for example, verbal and non-verbal language. Scientific study of the language is called linguistics. The study of language becomes very important in modern world nowadays. Language is very important in social life to express everything. Besides that, language becomes interesting for all of us, because it is the one thing that we can all share, use and express. Therefore, it is not only used for communication, language also has many social and cultural functions, such as to indicate the identity of a group, social stratification, and for social and entertainment makeup.

However, in the use of language as second or foreign language, surely we find language interference. According to Chaer (1998: 159) interference was first used by Weinrich (1953) to describe the change in the system of a language in relation to the contiguity of these languages with elements of other languages conducted by bilingual speakers.

Language interference is a natural phenomenon that occurs in bilingual or multilingual countries. According to Chaer (1998) , interference is carried by inclusion of elements of other languages into the language being used. A bilingual who speaks or writes, he/she would combine the two language systems and eventually will occur the interference. As explained above, a bilingual person might happen error when he/she used the language. Weinreich (1953) said that the practice of alternately using two languages will be called bilingualism and the person involved bilingual. Those instances of deviation from the norms of either language which occur in the speech of bilinguals as a result of their familiarity with more than one language as a result of language contact will be referred to as a interference phenomenon. When there is interference, the situations like this will increase or decrease depending on the person’s learning languages other than his/her first.

Language interference is often found in bilingual or multilingual countries. Errors on

various aspects such as phonology, syntax, morphology, lexical and others may occur in speaking or writing, such as those are will be found in movie dialogue, interviews, conversation,newspapers, magazines, books and so forth. Here, the researcher will review the language interference that occurs in conversation between the shop keepers and buyer.

The impact may be on any factor of language: grammar, vocabulary, accent, spelling and so on. Language interference is considered as one of error sources (negative transfer), although where the relevant feature of both languages is the same it results in correct language production (positive transfer). The greater the differences between the two languages, the more negative the effects of interference are likely to be. It will inevitably occur in any situation where someone has not mastered a second language.

  • 2.    Research Method

The research method, according to Sugiyono (2013: 2), is essentially a scientific way of obtaining data with specific goals and uses. The scientific method, data, purpose, and usability are four keywords that must be examined as a result of this. The scientific method refers to research that is founded on scientific principles, such as being rational, empirical, and systematic. Based on the above explanation, the research method may be stated to be a scientific method of obtaining data for certain aims and uses.

A descriptive method is a data method that looks at the present condition of a human group, an object, a system of thought, or activities. This study explains a variety of societal phenomena. The types of research methodologies, according to Sugiyono (2010:4-5), can be explained based on the objectives and scientific level of the object under study.

Qualitative research is used to describe and study phenomena, social activity events, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and individuals or groups of individuals. The goal of descriptive research is to define a situation or phenomena in its present condition. Because the analysis is in the form of

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written or spoken words and takes into account the opinions of other individuals who can be considered sources, it can be concluded that this study uses qualitative research.

  • 3.    Result and Discussion

    3.1    Result
    3.1.1    Interference of Morphology

The usage of Indonesian word formation elements with the morphological process pattern of the Acehnese language as an analogue into Indonesian is one example of morphological interference from Acehnese to Indonesian. The insertion, addition, or use of Acehnese affixes into Indonesian can cause interference at this level.

Use of prefix:

The prefix in the Acehnese language is divided into 2 (two) , namely the usual prefix and the prefix of personal pronouns

Usual prefix

Data 1: Harga cabe di pasar udah meuubah. Awal jih 40 ribu sikilo,sekarang jadi 32 ribu sikilo.

(harga cabai di pasar sudah berubah. Awal nya 40.000 sekilo, sekarang menjadi 32.000 sekilo) Data 2: Kede kami hana meucabeueng

(kedai kami tidak bercabang/ tidak mempunyai cabang)

The word analyzed in this utterance is the prefix meu- in Acehnese language, which is equivalent to prefix ber- in Indonesian. So the word meubah can be replaced with berubah and the word meucabeueng can be replaced with bercabang Data 3 : Dimana ada peuna bazar (dimana ada mengadakan bazar)

Data 4 : Iya, hasil dari kebon sendiri. Tapi ga banyak karena na hama yang peukaru

(iya, hasil dari kebun sendiri. Tapi tidak banyak karena ada hama yang menganggu)

The word analyzed in this utterance is the prefix peu- in Acehnese language, which is equivalent to prefix meng- in Indonesian. So the word peuna can be replaced with mengadakan and the word peukaru can be replaced with mengganggu.

Data 5 :Kami Cuma ngambil 15kilo udang seuroe (kami Cuma mengambil 15 kilo udang dalam sehari )

Data 6 : Bawang 28 ribu aja sikilo (harga bawang 28.000 sekilo)

The prefix si- means with the prefix se- in Indonesian. This prefix denotes the count of one. The word analyzed in this utterance is the prefix si-in Acehnese language, which is equivalent to prefix se- in Indonesian. So the word seuroe can be replaced with sehari and the word sikilo can be replaced with sekilo

Data 7 :Tanganjih teusie piso tengah potong ikan (tangannya tersayat piso saat sedang memotong ikan)

Data 8 : Barang siapa yg merasa telah teucecer sebuah dompet warna coklat di sekitaran indomaret jl. Eka Surya harap hub. nomor 08526177xxx

( barang siapa yang merasa telah tercecer dompet warna cokelat di sekitaran indomaret jl.Eka Surya dapat menghubungi nomor 08526177xxx)

The word analyzed in this utterance is the prefix teu- in Acehnese language, which is equivalent to prefix ter- in Indonesian. So the word teusie can be replaced with tersayat and the word teucecer can be replaced with tercecer.

Data 9 : Barang dikirem dari kualasimpang beurab dekat ngan medan.

(barang dikirim dari kualasimpang supaya dekat dengan medan)

The word analyzed in this utterance is the prefix beu- in Acehnese language, which is means -supaya- in Indonesian. So the word beurab means supaya dekat.

Data 10 : Keulhee kali barang itu gak masuk ke kede kami

(ketiga kali barang ini tidak masuk ke kedai kami) Data 11: Toko keutujoh kami datangi baru dapat ni bahan

(toko ketujuh yang kami datangi baru dapat barang ini)

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The prefix keu- is only found in the use of multilevel numbers. The word analyzed in this utterance is the prefix keu-, which is means ke- in Indonesian. So the word keulhee and keutujoh means ketiga dan ketujuh.

Prefix of personal pronouns

Data 12 : aku kalo na umu kuwoe u gampong abis kerjaan ini

(aku kalau ada umur pulang ke kampong selesai pekerjaan ini

The function of the prefix ku- is to form a verb whose perpetrator is in the first person or singular.

Data 13: Tawoe gampong kemarin makajih tutup kede

( kita pulang kampong kemarin makanya kedai tutup)

Data 14 : Tame dulu belanjaan ibu ke kasir ( kita bawa dulu belanjaan ibu ke tempat kasir)

The prefix ta- in this utterances means kita- in Indonesian. The prefix ta- is used to create a verb that is in the first person plural. So the word tawoe can be replaced with kita pulang and tame can be replaced with kita bawa

Data 15: Gobyan geueh kalo pagi (mereka tidur kalo pagi)

Data 16: Gobnyan geuteuka dari Jawa (mereka datang dari jawa)

The function of the prefix geu- is to form a verb whose third person singular and plural, which is older than the speaker. The pronoun is gobnyan means dia/mereka in indonesia. This means that it shows that the actions listed in the verb are carried out by the third person singular and plural.

Data 17 : Ibu neuteuka besok bak kede kami lage ya

(ibu datanglah ke kedai kami lagi besok ya)

Data 18 : Ibu mau neujak kemana lage?

(ibu mau pergi belanja kemana lagi?)

The prefix neu- is used to create a verb in which the offender is in the third person singular or

plural, and whose age is older and respected by the speaker. The pronoun is droeneuh means “beliau/dia yang lebih tua dari sipembicara”. It means to show that the action stated in the verb is done by the third person singular and plural.

Data 19: Kakak itu jibloe eungkot tongkol sikilo (kakak itu membeli ikan tongkol sekilo)

Data 20: Jih jijak antar barang ke rumoh pelanggan

(dia pergi antar barang ke rumah pelanggan)

The prefix ji- functions to form a verb whose third person singular and plural, which is younger than the speaker. The pronoun is ji- means 'dia' in Indonesian. This means that it shows that the actions listed in the verb are carried out by the singular and plural third person.

Infix

Infix -eun-

The infix –eun- has almost the same meaning as the suffix -an or per- + -an in Indonesian.

Data 21:   Na       Peunajôh    kereng

dan Peunajôh basah

(ada makanan kering dan makanan basah)

Data 22: Seunekat jih sama kayak masak nasi (takarannya sama seperti memasak nasi)

Data 23: Kalo pake daon peunayah bungkus barangjih

(kalau pakai daun kepayahan membungkus barangnya)

Data 24: Pake gelas sipat biar sama seunipat jih (pake gelas ukur biar ukurannya sama)

Suffix

When the suffix is combined with Indonesian, it causes interference.

Usuall suffix

Data 25: Terasi ni kireman dari kuala peulaga Aceh, di jamin enak

(terasi ini kiriman dari kuala peulaga di Aceh, sudah pasti enak)

Data 26: Pake sarengan kelapa sareng tepungjih biar alus

(pakai saringan kelapa nyaring tepungnya agar halus)

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The suffix –an in Acehnese is the same as the suffix –an in Indonesian, both in function and in it means. The suffix –an is often used in regional languages in Indonesia, as well as in Acehnese, when the suffix is combined with Indonesian, causing interference.

Data 27: Jakkeuh dulu ambil barang jih di kede sampeng

(pergilah dulu ambil baranngnya di kedai sebelah/samping)

Data 28: Deukkeuh dulu buk, sambil nunggu barangjih datang

(duduklah dulu buk, sekalianl nunggu barangnya datang)

The suffix -keuh has the same function and meaning as the suffix -Lah and -kah in Indonesian. So the words jakkeuh and dudukeuh can replaced with ”pergilah dan duduklah”

Data 29: Kacang merah habeh, Kacang ijo pi habeh

( kacang merah habis, kacang hijau pun habis)

Data 30: Barang dah banyak habeh, kami pi tutop kede

(barang sudah banyak yang habis, kami pun mau tutup kedai)

The suffix -pi has the same meaning as either in or in Indonesian. This suffix serves to harden the meaning the previous word.

Suffixes of Personal Pronouns

Data 31: Jaroekuh luka teusie piso tadi (tanganku luka tersayat piso tadi)

Data 32: Bajeekuh jorok kenak darah (bajuku kotor karena kena darah)

The suffix -ku(h) is often replaced with the pronoun Ion when talking to someone who is older than the speaker because this suffix is considered rude, i.e. kee, ”saya” in Indonesia. The function and meaning of this suffix states that the object listed in the original word belongs to that first person.

Data 33: Belanjaan keuh cuma ini aja kan (belanjaanmu Cuma ini saja kan?)

The suffix -keu(h) is the second person singular and plural pronoun ending, namely kah 'kamu in Indonesia'. This suffix is used for the second person who is older than the speaker. The function and meaning states that the object listed in the original word belongs to the second person singular and plural.

Data 34: Tolong sampein ke pembeli kalo besok ga jualan

(tolong sampaikan ke pembeli kalau besok tidak buka kedai)

The word analyzed in this utterance is the suffix inin Acehnese language, which is equivalent to suffix kan- in Indonesian. So the word sampein can be replaced with sampaikan .

Interference in the form of compound words Data 35: Ni kembalian nya, trimong geunaseh (ini uang kembaliannya, terima kasih)

Data 36: Di Medan pi uda banyak kede kupi buka ya

( Di Medan pun sudah banyak buka kedai kopi/ warung kopi)

Data 37: Iya, aku asli aneuk naggroe, (iya, aku asli anak nanggroe {Aceh} )

From the data above, the words: trimong geunaseh, kede kupi, and aneuk naggroe are obtained. The words above include composites in regional languages, these words may or may not be matched in Indonesian, if these words are used in their entirety in Indonesian, interference will occur.

The following are the meanings or equivalents of the words above, trimong geunaseh (thank you), aneuk naggroe (children nanggroe), kede kupi (coffee shop).

  • 3.1.2    Interference of syntax

The interference of the Acehnese language into Indonesian at the syntactic level is due to the imposition of the structure of the Acehnese language into Indonesian language in the use of the construction of phrases, clauses, and sentences in Indonesian. The syntactic process refers to the

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transition of basic sentences (core sentences) into transformation sentences. Syntactic interference that occurs when Acehnese traders communicate is when the language structure area is used in the formation of Indonesian sentences when communicating.

Data 38: “anak itu begok dia, uda di jelasi dari tadi pi”

(anak itu bodoh dia, sudah di jelasi dari tadi pun)

In the sentence above, it shows that there is syntactic interference in Indonesian speech against traders who speak Acehnese. The word begok is taken from the local language in the market the syntactic word becomes unclear. The word begok in Indonesian means bodoh. The word bodoh in Indonesian is categorized into adjectives . So, the problem in the data above is the inclusion of elements of the Acehnese regional language into Indonesian which results in an error called interference.

Data 39 : Bungkoh itu peue-peue yang tapasoe bandum jih muat.

('Bungkusan itu apa-apa yang kita masukkan semuanya muat.)

In this sentence above, it shows there is syntatactic interferences in Indonesia speech against traders who speak Acehnese. The word peue-peue in Indonesian means apa-apa. This sentences is categorized into expansion of adjective predicate in Basic Sentence Produces Compound Sentence.

Data 40: Seger that sayur yang baru tiba ne ( segar sekali sayur yang baru datang ini)

In this sentence above, it shows there is syntactic interferences in Indonesia speech against traders who speak Acehnese. The word that in Indonesian means sangat/sekali. This sentences is categorized into Adjective subject expansion.

Data 41 : dia lampohjih luah slteuntang mata.

(dia kebunnya lebar sejauh mata memandang.)

In this sentence above, it shows there is syntactic interferences in Indonesia speech against traders who speak Acehnese. The word slteuntang mata in

Indonesia means mata memandang. This sentences is categorized into expansion of the adjective predicate.

Data 42 : “aku takejot tadi na orang seragam lewat lewat depan kede”

(aku terkejut tadi ada orang seragam “satpol pp” lewat didepan kede”

The word takejot is an everyday regional language spoken by traders during communication. The word takejot in Indonesian means terkejut. The word surprised is seen from the syntactic category in the form of an adjective subject expansion.

Data 43 : dia tidak ada datang harini

In the use of the phrase “tidak ada”, this phrase is an example of a direct translation from the Acehnese language, namely from the word “hana” the use of this phrase can be observed in the sentence spoken by the seller. He should just said with the sentence “ dia tidak datang harini” Data 44 : karna ujeun, makajih hana dijak (karena hari hujan, makanya dia tidak datang)

Interference at the syntactic level also occurs in the use of clauses. On the use of subordinate clauses like the the sentence above. The clause is a subordinate clause which is grammatically Indonesian. In Indonesian there is no conjunction “karena” that can be paired with “maka”.

Data 45 : lon keuneuk, lon jak wo (saya hendak, saya mau pulang)

Interference at the syntactic level also occurs in the use of the sentence above, which is because the sentence is a guideline in the Acehnese sentence pattern experiencing the repetition of the first personal pronoun. Because the application of the Acehnese sentence pattern to the Indonesian language pattern, these errors often occur and are repeated. In Indonesian, it is quite interpreted as “saya hendak mau pulang”.

Data 46 : kamu beli eungkot kadra.

(Engkau membeli ikan belanak.)

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  • 3.2 . Discussion

From the data that the researchers found, it can be concluded that the factors causing the interference of the Acehnese language to the Indonesian language. Intralinguistic factors refer to the structure of the Acehnese language that affects the structure of the Indonesian language. The following is an explanation of the factors of language interference into Indonesian in several traders in Medan Johor District

The factors that cause interference are:

  • a)    Bilingualism of the speech participants is one of the factors causing syntactic interference in the speech of someone when speaking in the buying and selling process using Indonesian. Bilingualism occurs, because of social contact, resulting in speakers accustomed to using two languages in communication. Bilingualism in Indonesian syntactic units is found in speech sentences in the buying and selling process.

  • b)    Insufficient Vocabulary of the Recipient Language of a language is generally only limited to the disclosure of various aspects of life contained in the community concerned, as well as aspects of life that are known to him. The use of the aceh language particle is felt by the speaker to have no equivalent in Indonesian, so that the aceh language particle is entered into the Indonesian language so that it can convey according to the speaker's intent.

  • c)    The carrying of the mother tongue habit of the mother tongue in the recipient language that is being used, generally occurs due to a lack of language control and lack of mastery of the receiving language. This causes the spoken speech to experience intonation interference and the way of pronunciation in the Acehnese language, so that when speaking in the language.

  • d)    The low awareness of speaking Indonesian is a factor causing interference in the

speech sentences of buyers and sellers in Medan Johor District. The factor that causes low awareness in Indonesian is the speaker when speaking, uses a second language, but what emerges is the mother tongue vocabulary that we already know and even master.

  • e)    The disappearance of rarely used words. The use of these words is rarely used by the Acehnese language so that this word is never used by people in Medan Johor District.

  • f)    Euphemism of language and figurative language. The use of aceh language particles is felt by speakers to be more subtle and polite so that it is appropriate to represent the intent of the speaker so that there is no misunderstanding from the other person. This is because the local culture really likes to choose soft and polite words so that particles of the Acehnese language are used in speech by following the Indonesian language by following the system of rules of the aceh language.

  • 4.    Conclusion

Based on data analysis and findings , it can be concluded that the interference of the Acehnese language to Indonesian speech that occurs in the conversations of buying and selling transactions in several stores in the Medan Johor sub-district includes phonological interference, morphological interference, and syntactic interference. Researchers develop more about morphological and syntactic interference.

Factors that cause Aceh language interference to Indonesian speech in Medan Johor District, especially in some traders include intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors.

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